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<p>Tissue phantoms are crucial for developing new diagnostic and treatment techniques. Polymer-based hydrogels are often used to create soft tissue phantoms, but composite hydrogels can improve their properties. This study reports the synthesis of composite hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and graphene oxide (GO) via a freeze-thaw method to achieve shear modulus values similar to healthy and cancerous breast tissues. The rapid, three-to-four cycle process yielded hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. The conventional characterization techniques confirm the successful incorporation of PVP and GO into the PVA matrix. X-ray diffraction indicates semi-crystallinity and scanning electron microscopy reveals increased porosity and smoothness. Swelling analysis shows that the hydrogels exhibit a good swelling ratio between 250% and 286%. The controlled addition of PVP and GO enhances the swelling ratio by 23.8% compared to neat PVA hydrogels. Dynamic shear testing demonstrated a shear modulus range of 2.71 to 33.76 kPa, aligning with the reported healthy and cancerous breast tissue values. Incorporating GO and PVP increased the modulus by up to 101%, with 10% PVP showing maximum enhancement. The research highlights the hydrogels’ tuneable mechanical properties and short fabrication time, indicating potential applications in biomedical fields like tissue phantom fabrication.</p>

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Development of graphene oxide/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite hydrogels with improved mechanical and swelling properties for breast elastography phantom fabrication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Amita Sahu,
  • Niraj Sinha

摘要

Tissue phantoms are crucial for developing new diagnostic and treatment techniques. Polymer-based hydrogels are often used to create soft tissue phantoms, but composite hydrogels can improve their properties. This study reports the synthesis of composite hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and graphene oxide (GO) via a freeze-thaw method to achieve shear modulus values similar to healthy and cancerous breast tissues. The rapid, three-to-four cycle process yielded hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. The conventional characterization techniques confirm the successful incorporation of PVP and GO into the PVA matrix. X-ray diffraction indicates semi-crystallinity and scanning electron microscopy reveals increased porosity and smoothness. Swelling analysis shows that the hydrogels exhibit a good swelling ratio between 250% and 286%. The controlled addition of PVP and GO enhances the swelling ratio by 23.8% compared to neat PVA hydrogels. Dynamic shear testing demonstrated a shear modulus range of 2.71 to 33.76 kPa, aligning with the reported healthy and cancerous breast tissue values. Incorporating GO and PVP increased the modulus by up to 101%, with 10% PVP showing maximum enhancement. The research highlights the hydrogels’ tuneable mechanical properties and short fabrication time, indicating potential applications in biomedical fields like tissue phantom fabrication.