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<p>The development of lead-free piezoelectric materials is essential for advancing flexible electronics and sustainable energy harvesting applications. In this study, Ba<sub>0.06</sub>Na<sub>0.47</sub>Bi<sub>0.47</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNBT) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films were synthesized using a solution-casting technique to enhance the electroactive β-phase content. Structural characterization through X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the α-to-β phase transformation, with BNBT particles acting as nucleation sites. Differential Scanning Calorimetry demonstrated decreased crystallinity and phase stability, while dielectric studies revealed a significant enhancement in the dielectric constant due to optimized β-phase formation. The dielectric data show a peak both in dielectric constant and dielectric loss at <i>x</i> = 0 (RT) and <i>x</i> = 0.025, followed by a decline, then a rise from <i>x</i> = 0.1 onward due to increased ceramic content. Impedance and modulus spectroscopy confirmed improved charge transport, reduced resistive losses, and thermally activated relaxation dynamics. The Nyquist plot analysis further validated decreased bulk resistance and increased conductivity with rising temperature, indicating improved electrical performance. The results establish that the β-phase of PVDF stabilizes at a lower doping concentration than reported by other studies.</p>

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Tuning the β-phase in BNBT/PVDF composite films: structural and impedance study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Santosh Rajwar,
  • Rahul K. Singh,
  • Santosh K. Singh,
  • Sumit K. Roy,
  • Kamal Prasad

摘要

The development of lead-free piezoelectric materials is essential for advancing flexible electronics and sustainable energy harvesting applications. In this study, Ba0.06Na0.47Bi0.47TiO3 (BNBT) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films were synthesized using a solution-casting technique to enhance the electroactive β-phase content. Structural characterization through X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the α-to-β phase transformation, with BNBT particles acting as nucleation sites. Differential Scanning Calorimetry demonstrated decreased crystallinity and phase stability, while dielectric studies revealed a significant enhancement in the dielectric constant due to optimized β-phase formation. The dielectric data show a peak both in dielectric constant and dielectric loss at x = 0 (RT) and x = 0.025, followed by a decline, then a rise from x = 0.1 onward due to increased ceramic content. Impedance and modulus spectroscopy confirmed improved charge transport, reduced resistive losses, and thermally activated relaxation dynamics. The Nyquist plot analysis further validated decreased bulk resistance and increased conductivity with rising temperature, indicating improved electrical performance. The results establish that the β-phase of PVDF stabilizes at a lower doping concentration than reported by other studies.