Design of rectifiable bio-based polybenzoxazine for stimulated self-healing and shape memory applications with antimicrobial activity

Worldwide, recycling of bio-waste into fixable self-healing materials is a big challenge, in this paper, a feasible approach used for to synthesis partially bio-based benzoxazine from cashew nut shells. Melamine, cardanol and paraformaldehyde have been used to develop bio-based benzoxazine monomer through Mannich condensation reaction, which is then thermally co-polymerized with 2-Mercaptoethanol and Polyurethane. The structure of the monomer and composites have been confirmed by using traditional spectroscopy techniques. Our modified bio-based polybenzoxazine showed good self-healing and shape memory properties. The duration of the recovery process was significantly influenced by the thiol and polyurethane unit. The self-healing property of poly(sh-co-cdl-m), poly(u1/sh-co-cdl-m) and poly(u2/sh-co-cdl-m) was investigated with scanning electronic microscopy analysis and optical microscopy analysis. Finally, when compared with reported bio-based self-healing materials thiol and polyurethane cross-linked bio-based composites can be recyclable and heal themselves successfully up to 5 times and maximum healing time is 2 h at 50 °C. Later on, the bio-based polybenzoxazine is 100% recyclable with high T_g, which is achieved the goal of cleaner production by using biomass and reducing petrochemical recourses, production and energy emission.