Recent advancements in silica filled natural rubber composite: A green approach to achieve smart properties in tyre

The partial or total replacement of carbon black by silica fillers is initiated through various techniques for environment-friendly, smart, and fuel-efficient NR composites for high-end dynamic applications like tyre tread. The smart properties such as low rolling resistance, better wet skid resistance, and abrasion resistance as well as noise reduction, create tyre tread compounds with superior performance. The endeavour to maximise the incorporation of eco-friendly ingredients like silica filler in rubber compound associates to produce a green tyre product indeed. The present review encompasses those approaches with a substantial contribution in the area along with critical insights in the respective efforts. Initially, the various types of commercially available silica fillers are discussed in brief, followed by the various approaches for surface modification in detail. Finally, the miscellaneous initiatives along with their achievements and drawbacks are included under five strategic verticals for better understanding along with vital remarks.