<p>Numerous studies have examined the relationship between parental control (parental psychological control and parental behavioral control) and problematic Internet use among adolescents; however, the findings are inconsistent, and existing hypotheses are conflicting. This study employed three-level meta-analyses to clarify the association between parental control and problematic Internet use in adolescents. To reliably and comprehensively explain the association, this study also examined the mediating roles of psychological distress and interpersonal relationships through meta-analytical structural equation modeling. After searching and screening the literature, this meta-analysis included a total of 55 studies, with 156 effect sizes and 58,124 adolescents. Results revealed a positive correlation between parental psychological control and problematic Internet use in adolescents, and a negative correlation between parental behavioral control and problematic Internet use in adolescents. The association between psychological control and Internet use was moderated by type of problematic Internet use, measurement of problematic Internet use, measurement of psychological control, type of psychological control, and publication year. The association between behavioral control and Internet use was moderated by behavioral control scales and parental gender. 16 longitudinal studies (95 effect sizes; <i>N</i> = 18,810) were included in the current study, with a mean follow-up interval of 11.04 months. After controlling for prior levels of the relevant outcomes, results indicated that parental psychological control at Time 1 significantly predicted adolescents’ problematic Internet use at Time 2 (<i>β</i> = 0.120), and adolescents’ problematic Internet use at Time 1 significantly predicted parental psychological control at Time 2 (<i>β</i> = 0.05). Meta-analytic structural equation modeling revealed that psychological distress and interpersonal relationships mediated the association between parental psychological control and problematic Internet use, while interpersonal relationships mediated the association between parental behavioral control and problematic Internet use. These findings suggest that interventions and treatments for problematic Internet use among adolescents should take parental control into account and address adolescent psychological distress and interpersonal difficulties.</p>