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<p>The convergence of artificial intelligence and Web3 technologies (collectively termed Web4) is fundamentally reshaping the innovation landscape by enabling decentralized collaboration and facilitating low-friction technology transfer across organizational boundaries. This paradigm shift provides firms—particularly startups—with new mechanisms to overcome resource constraints, accelerate experimentation and validation, and explore disruptive business model innovations. However, how firms coordinate Web4-enabled digital resources to balance radical and incremental innovation for business model innovation remains underexplored. Drawing on resource orchestration theory, this study utilizes a comprehensive panel dataset of Chinese A-share listed firms to investigate how the adoption of Web4 influences firm-level innovation. The results reveal that Web4 adoption is positively associated with both radical and incremental innovation. However, digital innovation capabilities exert an asymmetric mediating effect in this process—substantially amplifying the effect on radical innovation while simultaneously inhibiting incremental innovation, thereby suggesting an “exploration-dominance paradox”. More importantly, startups, due to their organizational flexibility and lower path dependence, can more effectively leverage Web4-enabled transferred technology for rapid market experimentation and radical innovation. Further contingency analysis indicates that a high degree of marketization mitigates the inhibitory effect of digital innovation capabilities on incremental innovation, while technological turbulence amplifies the risks and rewards of digital resource orchestration. By revealing the micro-foundations through which Web4 facilitates technology transfer, capability reconfiguration, and asymmetric innovation outcomes, this study not only advances the theoretical boundaries of innovation management, but also deepens a more nuanced understanding for the logic of business model innovation within the Web4-enabled environment.</p>

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Web4-enabled technology transfer and firm innovation: a resource orchestration perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Yancheng Fan,
  • Dimitris G. Assimakopoulos,
  • Yantai Chen,
  • Elias G. Carayannis

摘要

The convergence of artificial intelligence and Web3 technologies (collectively termed Web4) is fundamentally reshaping the innovation landscape by enabling decentralized collaboration and facilitating low-friction technology transfer across organizational boundaries. This paradigm shift provides firms—particularly startups—with new mechanisms to overcome resource constraints, accelerate experimentation and validation, and explore disruptive business model innovations. However, how firms coordinate Web4-enabled digital resources to balance radical and incremental innovation for business model innovation remains underexplored. Drawing on resource orchestration theory, this study utilizes a comprehensive panel dataset of Chinese A-share listed firms to investigate how the adoption of Web4 influences firm-level innovation. The results reveal that Web4 adoption is positively associated with both radical and incremental innovation. However, digital innovation capabilities exert an asymmetric mediating effect in this process—substantially amplifying the effect on radical innovation while simultaneously inhibiting incremental innovation, thereby suggesting an “exploration-dominance paradox”. More importantly, startups, due to their organizational flexibility and lower path dependence, can more effectively leverage Web4-enabled transferred technology for rapid market experimentation and radical innovation. Further contingency analysis indicates that a high degree of marketization mitigates the inhibitory effect of digital innovation capabilities on incremental innovation, while technological turbulence amplifies the risks and rewards of digital resource orchestration. By revealing the micro-foundations through which Web4 facilitates technology transfer, capability reconfiguration, and asymmetric innovation outcomes, this study not only advances the theoretical boundaries of innovation management, but also deepens a more nuanced understanding for the logic of business model innovation within the Web4-enabled environment.