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<p>In this study, we examine the complementary role of enabling technologies and technological skills in the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies in firm production, and how this complementarity evolves following a significant economic shock. Our analysis leverages original data from a two-wave survey conducted on a representative sample of Italian firms, both before and after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal that prior investments in antecedent technologies and closely related skills—defined here as enabling factors for new technology adoption—enhance each other, significantly increasing the likelihood that firms will adopt transformative technologies such as industrial robots, IoT, big data analytics, additive manufacturing, etc. Notably, this complementarity intensified after the pandemic, suggesting that economic shocks can drive firms to pursue crisis-induced innovation strategies that strengthen their existing technological capabilities.</p>

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Firm adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in times of economic turmoil: the role of enabling factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Marco Cucculelli,
  • Fabio Lamperti,
  • Jasmine Mondolo,
  • Fabrizio Pompei,
  • Francesco Venturini

摘要

In this study, we examine the complementary role of enabling technologies and technological skills in the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies in firm production, and how this complementarity evolves following a significant economic shock. Our analysis leverages original data from a two-wave survey conducted on a representative sample of Italian firms, both before and after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal that prior investments in antecedent technologies and closely related skills—defined here as enabling factors for new technology adoption—enhance each other, significantly increasing the likelihood that firms will adopt transformative technologies such as industrial robots, IoT, big data analytics, additive manufacturing, etc. Notably, this complementarity intensified after the pandemic, suggesting that economic shocks can drive firms to pursue crisis-induced innovation strategies that strengthen their existing technological capabilities.