Technology readiness and digital gap for depicting socio-economic dynamics in society 5.0: a meso-level observation

Digital instruments, devices, and platforms are transforming socio-economic structures, giving rise to new ecosystem configurations that demand sustainable, smart, and inclusive growth strategies. This study adopts a meso-level perspective to analyze the critical role of technology readiness and the digital gap in shaping entrepreneurial and innovation-driven ecosystems that are foundational to Society 5.0. By exploring how digital transitions influence collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and value co-creation among groups within regional ecosystems, the paper provides a systems-thinking model that highlights the unique challenges and opportunities for sustainability. In contrast to previous research that examines Society 5.0 from either individual or macro perspectives, this meso-level framework addresses the multidimensional interactions that drive ecosystem resilience and inclusive participation. It emphasizes the need for alignment in information, interpretation, and cognition among stakeholders to foster long-term, cohesive growth. The proposed model identifies core pillars for developing integrated, adaptable ecosystems that balance economic and social value, guiding regions toward more inclusive and sustainable development pathways.