<p>Traditionally, continuous models of mathematical biology are focused on the dynamics of interacting populations as stationary homogeneous entities. The state of the populations in the equations is governed by factors common to all individuals <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\forall t,N(t)\)</EquationSource><EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math><mrow><mo>∀</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></EquationSource></InlineEquation>: reproductive efficiency, mortality, living space limitations, or resource limitations. Many species exist with nonoverlapping generation sequences, replacing each other under different seasonal conditions. The number of annual generations is an important characteristic of the ecology of species when occupying a new range. The length of the life cycle and the index of reproductive activity <i>r</i> in adjacent generations of insects in a range vary due to the need for wintering. Fluctuations in these values affect rapid population outbreaks. It is shown that the use of discrete models <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x_{n+1}=\psi (x_n;r)\varphi (x_{n-i})-\Xi \)</EquationSource><EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mi>φ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi></mrow></math></EquationSource></InlineEquation> is unrealistic for fundamental reasons. The appearance of cycles <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\ne 2^i\)</EquationSource><EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>≠</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>i</mi></msup></mrow></math></EquationSource></InlineEquation> in the order of the Sharkovskii theorem is excessive for the analysis of populations and the forecast of mass reproductions of insects. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing models of the conjugate development of a succession of generations in a system of discontinuous differential equations as a sequence of boundary-value problems. The model is event-based redefined to obtain a solution on time intervals corresponding to the conditions of the season. The model taking into account competition and delayed regulation is relevant for the analysis of a sequence of peaks in pest activity, which are characterized by individual extremely numerous generations.</p>

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CONTINUOUS POPULATIONAL MODEL OF GENERATIONS WITH DISCONTINUOUS LIFE CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS

  • A. Yu. Perevaryukha

摘要

Traditionally, continuous models of mathematical biology are focused on the dynamics of interacting populations as stationary homogeneous entities. The state of the populations in the equations is governed by factors common to all individuals \(\forall t,N(t)\)t,N(t): reproductive efficiency, mortality, living space limitations, or resource limitations. Many species exist with nonoverlapping generation sequences, replacing each other under different seasonal conditions. The number of annual generations is an important characteristic of the ecology of species when occupying a new range. The length of the life cycle and the index of reproductive activity r in adjacent generations of insects in a range vary due to the need for wintering. Fluctuations in these values affect rapid population outbreaks. It is shown that the use of discrete models \(x_{n+1}=\psi (x_n;r)\varphi (x_{n-i})-\Xi \)xn+1=ψ(xn;r)φ(xn-i)-Ξ is unrealistic for fundamental reasons. The appearance of cycles \(p\ne 2^i\)p2i in the order of the Sharkovskii theorem is excessive for the analysis of populations and the forecast of mass reproductions of insects. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing models of the conjugate development of a succession of generations in a system of discontinuous differential equations as a sequence of boundary-value problems. The model is event-based redefined to obtain a solution on time intervals corresponding to the conditions of the season. The model taking into account competition and delayed regulation is relevant for the analysis of a sequence of peaks in pest activity, which are characterized by individual extremely numerous generations.