<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="131" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P(z) = \sum _{v=0}^{n}a_vz^{v}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a polynomial degree <i>n</i>, then the polynomial <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="234" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_{\alpha } P(z) = nP(z) + ({\alpha } - z)P^{\prime }(z)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in \mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is called the polar derivative of <i>P</i>(<i>z</i>) with respect to <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The polynomial <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_{\alpha } P(z)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is of degree at most <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and it generalizes the ordinary derivative in the sense that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10958_2025_7914_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="167" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lim _{\alpha \rightarrow \infty } \frac{D_{\alpha } P(z)}{\alpha } = P^{\prime }(z).\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>α</mi> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> In this paper, we present some findings on the maximum modulus of the generalized polar derivative of a polynomial with restricted zeros. These results are the work of Deewan and Upadhyay (<i>Journal of inequalities in pure and applied mathematics</i>, vol. 9, iss. 4, art. 119, <CitationRef CitationID="CR6">2008</CitationRef>), on polar derivatives to extended generalized polar derivatives.</p>

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INEQUALITIES CONCERNING THE GENERALIZED POLAR DERIVATIVE OF A POLYNOMIAL

  • Shahadat Ali,
  • Mohammad Ibrahim Mir,
  • Arshad Usmani

摘要

Let \(P(z) = \sum _{v=0}^{n}a_vz^{v}\) P ( z ) = v = 0 n a v z v be a polynomial degree n, then the polynomial \(D_{\alpha } P(z) = nP(z) + ({\alpha } - z)P^{\prime }(z)\) D α P ( z ) = n P ( z ) + ( α - z ) P ( z ) , \(\alpha \in \mathbb {C}\) α C , is called the polar derivative of P(z) with respect to \(\alpha \) α . The polynomial \(D_{\alpha } P(z)\) D α P ( z ) is of degree at most \(n-1\) n - 1 and it generalizes the ordinary derivative in the sense that \(\lim _{\alpha \rightarrow \infty } \frac{D_{\alpha } P(z)}{\alpha } = P^{\prime }(z).\) lim α D α P ( z ) α = P ( z ) . In this paper, we present some findings on the maximum modulus of the generalized polar derivative of a polynomial with restricted zeros. These results are the work of Deewan and Upadhyay (Journal of inequalities in pure and applied mathematics, vol. 9, iss. 4, art. 119, 2008), on polar derivatives to extended generalized polar derivatives.