<p>In this paper, we study the problems of minimizing a functional depending on the Caputo fractional derivative of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt; \alpha \le 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the Riemann- Liouville fractional integral of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under certain constraints. A fractional analogue of the Du Bois-Reymond lemma is proved. Using this lemma for various weak local minimum problems, the Euler-Lagrange equation is derived in integral form. Some serious works in the literature claim that the standard proof of the Legendre condition in the classical case <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha =1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> cannot be adapted to the fractional case <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;\alpha &lt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with final constraints. In spite of this, we prove the Legendre conditions using the standard classical method. The obtained necessary conditions are illustrated by appropriate examples.</p>

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The Euler-Lagrange and Legendre Necessary Conditions for Fractional Calculus of Variations

  • Shikhi Sh. Yusubov,
  • Shakir Sh. Yusubov,
  • Elimhan N. Mahmudov

摘要

In this paper, we study the problems of minimizing a functional depending on the Caputo fractional derivative of order \(0< \alpha \le 1\) 0 < α 1 and the Riemann- Liouville fractional integral of order \(\beta >0\) β > 0 under certain constraints. A fractional analogue of the Du Bois-Reymond lemma is proved. Using this lemma for various weak local minimum problems, the Euler-Lagrange equation is derived in integral form. Some serious works in the literature claim that the standard proof of the Legendre condition in the classical case \(\alpha =1\) α = 1 cannot be adapted to the fractional case \(0<\alpha <1\) 0 < α < 1 with final constraints. In spite of this, we prove the Legendre conditions using the standard classical method. The obtained necessary conditions are illustrated by appropriate examples.