<p>We present exact calculations of the <i>q</i>-state Potts model partition functions and the equivalent Tutte polynomials for chain graphs comprised of <i>m</i> repeated hammock subgraphs <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{e_1,...,e_r}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> connected with line graphs of length <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(e_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> edges, such that the chains have open or cyclic boundary conditions (BC). Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{e_1,...,e_r}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a hammock (series-parallel) subgraph with <i>r</i> separate paths along “ropes” with respective lengths <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(e_1, ..., e_r\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> edges, connecting the two end vertices. We denote the resultant chain graph as <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="116" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_{\{e_1,...,e_r\},e_g,m;BC}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We discuss special cases, including chromatic, flow, and reliability polynomials. In the case of cyclic boundary conditions, the zeros of the Potts partition function in the complex <i>q</i> function accumulate, in the limit <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m \rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, onto curves forming a locus <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10955_2025_3457_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{B}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and we study this locus.</p>

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Exact Potts/Tutte Polynomials for Hammock Chain Graphs

  • Yue Chen,
  • Robert Shrock

摘要

We present exact calculations of the q-state Potts model partition functions and the equivalent Tutte polynomials for chain graphs comprised of m repeated hammock subgraphs \(H_{e_1,...,e_r}\) H e 1 , . . . , e r connected with line graphs of length \(e_g\) e g edges, such that the chains have open or cyclic boundary conditions (BC). Here, \(H_{e_1,...,e_r}\) H e 1 , . . . , e r is a hammock (series-parallel) subgraph with r separate paths along “ropes” with respective lengths \(e_1, ..., e_r\) e 1 , . . . , e r edges, connecting the two end vertices. We denote the resultant chain graph as \(G_{\{e_1,...,e_r\},e_g,m;BC}\) G { e 1 , . . . , e r } , e g , m ; B C . We discuss special cases, including chromatic, flow, and reliability polynomials. In the case of cyclic boundary conditions, the zeros of the Potts partition function in the complex q function accumulate, in the limit \(m \rightarrow \infty \) m , onto curves forming a locus \(\mathcal{B}\) B , and we study this locus.