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Topological Expansive Lorenz Maps with a Hole at Critical Point

  • Yun Sun,
  • Bing Li,
  • Yiming Ding

摘要

Let f be an expansive Lorenz map and c be the critical point. The survivor set is denoted as \(S_{f}(H):=\{x\in [0,1]: f^{n}(x)\notin H, \forall n\ge 0\}\) S f ( H ) : = { x [ 0 , 1 ] : f n ( x ) H , n 0 } , where H is an open subinterval. Here we study the hole \(H=(a,b)\) H = ( a , b ) with \(a\le c \le b\) a c b and \(a\ne b \) a b . We observe that the case \(a=c\) a = c is equivalent to the hole at 0, and the case \(b=c\) b = c is equivalent to the hole at 1. Given any expansive Lorenz map f with a hole \(H=(a,b)\) H = ( a , b ) and \(S_{f}(H)\nsubseteqq \{0,1\}\) S f ( H ) ⫅̸ { 0 , 1 } , we prove that there exists a Lorenz map g such that \(\tilde{S}_{f}(H)\setminus \Omega (g)\) S ~ f ( H ) \ Ω ( g ) is countable, where \(\Omega (g)\) Ω ( g ) is the Lorenz-shift of g and \(\tilde{S}_{f}(H)\) S ~ f ( H ) is the symbolic representation of \(S_{f}(H)\) S f ( H ) . Moreover, let a be fixed, we also give a complete characterization of the maximal plateau I(b) such that for all \(\epsilon \in I(b)\) ϵ I ( b ) , \(S^+_{f}(a,\epsilon )=S^+_{f}(a,b)\) S f + ( a , ϵ ) = S f + ( a , b ) , and I(b) may degenerate to a single point b. As an application, when f has an ergodic acim and a is fixed, we obtain that the topological entropy function \(\lambda _{f}(a):b\mapsto h_{top}(f|S_{f}(a,b))\) λ f ( a ) : b h top ( f | S f ( a , b ) ) is a devil staircase. At the special case that f being an intermediate \(\beta \) β -transformation, using the Ledrappier-Young formula, the Hausdorff dimension function \(\eta _{f}(a):b\mapsto \dim _{\mathcal {H}}(S_{f}(a,b))\) η f ( a ) : b dim H ( S f ( a , b ) ) is naturally a devil staircase when fixing a. All the results can be naturally extended to the case that b is fixed. As a result, we extend the devil staircases in (Kalle et al. in Ergod Th Dyn Syst 40:2482–2514, 2020; Langeveld and Samuel in Acta Math Hungar 170:269–301, 2023; Urbanski in Ergod Th Dyn Syst 6:295–309, 1986) to expansive Lorenz maps with a hole at critical point.