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<p>Electrochemical behavior of mercuric chloride (HgCl<sub>2</sub>) in different electrolytic media and its interaction with Favipiravir (FVR) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). HgCl<sub>2</sub> was analyzed in 0.1&#xa0;mol·dm<sup>−3</sup> KBr, KNO₃, and KCl, with key electrochemical parameters derived from voltammograms. The HgCl<sub>2</sub>-FVR complex was further characterized for stability, Gibbs free energy, and diffusion kinetics. The complex was evaluated for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. HgCl<sub>2</sub> showed the highest complexation stability in KNO₃ (Δ<i>G</i> = 24.66&#xa0;kJ/mol), followed by KCl and KBr. CV analysis confirmed quasi-reversible electron transfer kinetics. The biological activities of the HgCl<sub>2</sub>-FVR complex were assessed, showing enhanced antimicrobial activity (highest inhibition zone = 14&#xa0;mm against <i>Candida albicans</i>), improved antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ = 63.90&#xa0;µmol·dm<sup>−3</sup>), and moderate cytotoxic effects (IC₅₀ = 35.61&#xa0;µmol·dm<sup>−3</sup> for MCF-7 and 32.75&#xa0;µmol·dm<sup>−3</sup> for HePG-2). Molecular docking studies confirmed a strong binding affinity of the complex to viral targets, suggesting potential antiviral applications. These findings indicate that the HgCl<sub>2</sub>–FVR complex exhibits promising electrochemical and biological properties, warranting further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.</p>

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Electrochemical Behavior and Complexation of Mercuric Chloride with Favipiravir in Different Electrolytic Media: Cyclic Voltammetry, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Evaluations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Rim M. Elkenawi,
  • Mai A. Khaled,
  • Marwa G. El-Ghalban,
  • Esam A. Gomaa,
  • Elsayed M. AbouElleef

摘要

Electrochemical behavior of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in different electrolytic media and its interaction with Favipiravir (FVR) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). HgCl2 was analyzed in 0.1 mol·dm−3 KBr, KNO₃, and KCl, with key electrochemical parameters derived from voltammograms. The HgCl2-FVR complex was further characterized for stability, Gibbs free energy, and diffusion kinetics. The complex was evaluated for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. HgCl2 showed the highest complexation stability in KNO₃ (ΔG = 24.66 kJ/mol), followed by KCl and KBr. CV analysis confirmed quasi-reversible electron transfer kinetics. The biological activities of the HgCl2-FVR complex were assessed, showing enhanced antimicrobial activity (highest inhibition zone = 14 mm against Candida albicans), improved antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ = 63.90 µmol·dm−3), and moderate cytotoxic effects (IC₅₀ = 35.61 µmol·dm−3 for MCF-7 and 32.75 µmol·dm−3 for HePG-2). Molecular docking studies confirmed a strong binding affinity of the complex to viral targets, suggesting potential antiviral applications. These findings indicate that the HgCl2–FVR complex exhibits promising electrochemical and biological properties, warranting further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.