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<p>This study evaluated the solubility of amlodipine besylate (AMB) in binary solvent mixtures of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 and ethanol, as well as PEG 200 and 1-propanol, at five distinct temperatures. The solubility of AMB was assessed via the shake-flask method, and the concentrations of AMB in the solutions were measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that the solubility of AMB in both binary solvent combinations increased with greater concentrations of PEG 200 and raised temperatures. The collected data were used in several mathematical models to predict solubility. The mathematical models yielded precise predictions regarding the solubility of AMB in various binary solvent systems, with mean relative deviations (MRDs%) below 11.6. The experimental data acquired for AMB dissolution included several thermodynamic properties, for example, standard Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i>°), enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i>°), and entropy (Δ<i>S</i>°) variations. These features provide significant insights into the energy dimensions of the breakdown process.</p>

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Solubility Study of Amlodipine Besylate in Polyethylene Glycol 200 and Ethanol/1-Propanol at Various Temperatures: Determination, Modeling, and Thermodynamic Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Fatemeh DabbaghBadri,
  • Fatemeh Khalili,
  • Aynaz Zarghampour,
  • Elaheh Rahimpour,
  • Aliasghar Hamidi

摘要

This study evaluated the solubility of amlodipine besylate (AMB) in binary solvent mixtures of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 and ethanol, as well as PEG 200 and 1-propanol, at five distinct temperatures. The solubility of AMB was assessed via the shake-flask method, and the concentrations of AMB in the solutions were measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that the solubility of AMB in both binary solvent combinations increased with greater concentrations of PEG 200 and raised temperatures. The collected data were used in several mathematical models to predict solubility. The mathematical models yielded precise predictions regarding the solubility of AMB in various binary solvent systems, with mean relative deviations (MRDs%) below 11.6. The experimental data acquired for AMB dissolution included several thermodynamic properties, for example, standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) variations. These features provide significant insights into the energy dimensions of the breakdown process.