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<p>This study explores the potential use of sodium bentonite (SB) as a carrier for the broad-spectrum antibiotic levofloxacin (LVO), known for its efficacy against bacterial infections such as those caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (<i>S. epidermidis</i>). Adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of pH, LVO concentration, temperature, SB dosage, and contact time, with UV spectroscopy employed for quantification. The results demonstrated that LVO adsorption onto SB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Acidic pH conditions significantly enhanced adsorption efficiency. The SB–LVO composites were extensively characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET surface area analysis, and TGA, confirming successful drug loading and structural integrity. In vitro release studies under different pH conditions indicated sustained-release behavior, particularly under basic conditions. Antibacterial assays confirmed the efficacy of the SB–LVO composites against <i>S. epidermidis</i>, highlighting their potential as a controlled-release drug delivery system. Given that stomach level acidity significantly reduces LVO release from SB–LVO, strategies to bypass or protect against the gastric environment are warranted. Overall, the findings suggest that SB–LVO composites offer a promising platform for targeted and extended antibiotic delivery, presenting an innovative approach for pharmaceutical formulations in clinical settings.</p>

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Development of a Levofloxacin-Encapsulated Sodium Bentonite System for Targeted Therapy: Adsorption Dynamics, Release Kinetics, and Bioactivity Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月20日

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  • Osama S. Mohammed,
  • Hezha O. Rasul,
  • Dler M. S. Shwan

摘要

This study explores the potential use of sodium bentonite (SB) as a carrier for the broad-spectrum antibiotic levofloxacin (LVO), known for its efficacy against bacterial infections such as those caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of pH, LVO concentration, temperature, SB dosage, and contact time, with UV spectroscopy employed for quantification. The results demonstrated that LVO adsorption onto SB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Acidic pH conditions significantly enhanced adsorption efficiency. The SB–LVO composites were extensively characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET surface area analysis, and TGA, confirming successful drug loading and structural integrity. In vitro release studies under different pH conditions indicated sustained-release behavior, particularly under basic conditions. Antibacterial assays confirmed the efficacy of the SB–LVO composites against S. epidermidis, highlighting their potential as a controlled-release drug delivery system. Given that stomach level acidity significantly reduces LVO release from SB–LVO, strategies to bypass or protect against the gastric environment are warranted. Overall, the findings suggest that SB–LVO composites offer a promising platform for targeted and extended antibiotic delivery, presenting an innovative approach for pharmaceutical formulations in clinical settings.