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<p>We utilise a long-term, declustered dataset of 9,230 earthquakes recorded between 1803 and 2023 from multiple catalogues, offering an unprecedented temporal and spatial coverage for Himalayan seismic belt (HSB) and its surroundings. The maximum likelihood method was deployed in computing b-values, while D<sub>c</sub>-values were derived through the correlation integral technique. Further, we segregated the study area into three equal zones (A, B and C) and found that Zone B, covering the Garhwal and Kumaun regions, exhibited the lowest b-values and concentrated stress, indicating the highest seismically active zone. The shorter temporal quiescence periods in Zone B, compared to Zones A and C, suggest a higher probability of recurring seismic events in the future. We also accomplished the fine-resolution grid-based seismic risk assessment: we selected 0.5° × 0.5° grid areas based on earthquake density, where low b-values and D<sub>c</sub>-values indicate increased seismic hazard potential. Additionally, we delineated the relative variation of a transition zone depth within the 10–15&#xa0;km depth, characterised by low b-values, fluid presence and past seismic clustering, which highlights its significance in crustal deformation and seismic risk assessment. Topographic and geological analyses using swath profiles further revealed the tectonic influence of the Mid-Crustal Ramp along the HSB, relates the structural dynamics and associated seismic activity. This integrated multi-parametric assessment provides critical insights into seismic hazard assessment, helping to identify high-risk zones and offering valuable information for hazard zoning, seismic-resistant infrastructure and emergency preparedness strategies in the Himalayas and adjoining region.</p>

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b-value and fractal dimension assisted spatiotemporal seismicity pattern assessment along Himalayan seismic belt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Ritesh Lal Shaw,
  • Bappa Mukherjee,
  • Anil Tiwari,
  • Mukat Lal Sharma

摘要

We utilise a long-term, declustered dataset of 9,230 earthquakes recorded between 1803 and 2023 from multiple catalogues, offering an unprecedented temporal and spatial coverage for Himalayan seismic belt (HSB) and its surroundings. The maximum likelihood method was deployed in computing b-values, while Dc-values were derived through the correlation integral technique. Further, we segregated the study area into three equal zones (A, B and C) and found that Zone B, covering the Garhwal and Kumaun regions, exhibited the lowest b-values and concentrated stress, indicating the highest seismically active zone. The shorter temporal quiescence periods in Zone B, compared to Zones A and C, suggest a higher probability of recurring seismic events in the future. We also accomplished the fine-resolution grid-based seismic risk assessment: we selected 0.5° × 0.5° grid areas based on earthquake density, where low b-values and Dc-values indicate increased seismic hazard potential. Additionally, we delineated the relative variation of a transition zone depth within the 10–15 km depth, characterised by low b-values, fluid presence and past seismic clustering, which highlights its significance in crustal deformation and seismic risk assessment. Topographic and geological analyses using swath profiles further revealed the tectonic influence of the Mid-Crustal Ramp along the HSB, relates the structural dynamics and associated seismic activity. This integrated multi-parametric assessment provides critical insights into seismic hazard assessment, helping to identify high-risk zones and offering valuable information for hazard zoning, seismic-resistant infrastructure and emergency preparedness strategies in the Himalayas and adjoining region.