<p>A series of Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) solid solutions were synthesized through the conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution on their structural, microstructural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND) analyses confirm the formation of the non-centrosymmetric <i>orthorhombic</i> structure across all compositions. Detailed Rietveld refinement of both XRD and ND patterns provided quantitative insights into lattice parameters, cation distribution, and structural distortions induced by Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution. Raman spectroscopy further corroborates the formation of the <i>orthorhombic</i> phase, revealing 15 Raman-active vibrational modes characteristic of GaFeO<sub>3</sub>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibit well-defined grains and distinct grain boundaries, while progressive Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution results in systematic grain size reduction. Low-temperature (5–300&#xa0;K) dc magnetization measurements, including zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) protocols along with magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops, reveal a clear paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition (<i>T</i><sub>N</sub>). Notably, <i>T</i><sub>N</sub> shifts toward higher temperatures with increasing Al<sup>3+</sup> concentration, approaching room temperature. The enhancement in magnetic transition temperature is attributed to structural distortion and modified Fe–O–Fe superexchange interactions induced by Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements exhibit anomalies near T<sub>N</sub>, indicating significant indirect magnetoelectric coupling in all solid solutions. Overall, Al<sup>3</sup>⁺ substitution in GaFeO<sub>3</sub> effectively modulates magnetic ordering and enhances magnetodielectric coupling, highlighting the potential of Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> solid solutions for multifunctional and spintronic device applications.</p>

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Low Temperature Complex Magnetic and Dielectric Studies on Al3+ substituted GaFeO3 Multiferroic Solid Solutions

  • Manjunatha T,
  • Shidaling Matteppanavar,
  • Sudhindra Rayaprol,
  • Basavaraj Angadi

摘要

A series of Ga1-xAlxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) solid solutions were synthesized through the conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Al3+ substitution on their structural, microstructural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND) analyses confirm the formation of the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic structure across all compositions. Detailed Rietveld refinement of both XRD and ND patterns provided quantitative insights into lattice parameters, cation distribution, and structural distortions induced by Al3+ substitution. Raman spectroscopy further corroborates the formation of the orthorhombic phase, revealing 15 Raman-active vibrational modes characteristic of GaFeO3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibit well-defined grains and distinct grain boundaries, while progressive Al3+ substitution results in systematic grain size reduction. Low-temperature (5–300 K) dc magnetization measurements, including zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) protocols along with magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops, reveal a clear paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition (TN). Notably, TN shifts toward higher temperatures with increasing Al3+ concentration, approaching room temperature. The enhancement in magnetic transition temperature is attributed to structural distortion and modified Fe–O–Fe superexchange interactions induced by Al3+ substitution. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements exhibit anomalies near TN, indicating significant indirect magnetoelectric coupling in all solid solutions. Overall, Al3⁺ substitution in GaFeO3 effectively modulates magnetic ordering and enhances magnetodielectric coupling, highlighting the potential of Ga1-xAlxFeO3 solid solutions for multifunctional and spintronic device applications.