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<p>Lead-free multiferroic composites comprising Ba₀.₉Ca₀.₁Zr₀.₂Ti₀.₈O₃ (BCZT), Co₀.₈Zn₀.₂Fe₂O₄ (CZFO), and their composites 0.75BCZT–0.25CZFO and 0.65BCZT–0.35CZFO were synthesized using a conventional solid-state ceramic route. X-ray diffraction confirmed the coexistence of phase-pure perovskite BCZT and spinel CZFO structures without secondary phases. Electrical resistivity measurements revealed semiconducting behaviour with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Dielectric studies showed strong low-frequency dispersion and reduced dielectric loss at higher frequencies, consistent with the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization mechanism. Magnetic characterization demonstrated soft ferrimagnetic behaviour for CZFO-containing samples, while BCZT exhibited negligible magnetization. The present work establishes a systematic correlation between phase composition, dielectric response, electrical transport, magnetic softness, and magnetoelectric coupling. Among the investigated compositions, 0.65BCZT–0.35CZFO exhibited the highest magnetoelectric coefficient due to optimized interfacial strain transfer, highlighting its potential as an environmentally friendly multifunctional material for magnetoelectric applications.</p>

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Structural, Dielectric, Magnetic, and Magnetoelectric Properties of Lead-Free BCZT– CZFO Composite Ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Dnyaneshwar N. Mandve,
  • Namdeo N. Waghule

摘要

Lead-free multiferroic composites comprising Ba₀.₉Ca₀.₁Zr₀.₂Ti₀.₈O₃ (BCZT), Co₀.₈Zn₀.₂Fe₂O₄ (CZFO), and their composites 0.75BCZT–0.25CZFO and 0.65BCZT–0.35CZFO were synthesized using a conventional solid-state ceramic route. X-ray diffraction confirmed the coexistence of phase-pure perovskite BCZT and spinel CZFO structures without secondary phases. Electrical resistivity measurements revealed semiconducting behaviour with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Dielectric studies showed strong low-frequency dispersion and reduced dielectric loss at higher frequencies, consistent with the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization mechanism. Magnetic characterization demonstrated soft ferrimagnetic behaviour for CZFO-containing samples, while BCZT exhibited negligible magnetization. The present work establishes a systematic correlation between phase composition, dielectric response, electrical transport, magnetic softness, and magnetoelectric coupling. Among the investigated compositions, 0.65BCZT–0.35CZFO exhibited the highest magnetoelectric coefficient due to optimized interfacial strain transfer, highlighting its potential as an environmentally friendly multifunctional material for magnetoelectric applications.