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<p>We report a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of rare-earth sesquioxides Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> across a broad range of particle sizes obtained via co-precipitation and subsequent thermal annealing (500–900&#xa0;°C). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals progressive grain growth with increasing temperature, with Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibiting notably faster coarsening than Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Temperature-dependent susceptibility measurements indicate Curie-type paramagnetism for all compounds, while low-temperature anomalies suggest contributions from finite-size effects, crystal-field splitting, or residual defects. Field-dependent magnetization at 5&#xa0;K demonstrates a clear size dependence for Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where the apparent saturation increases with particle size due to the reduction of surface disorder and the recovery of the full rare-earth moment. In contrast, Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows nearly size-independent magnetization, which can be associated with its larger intrinsic moment and strong single-ion anisotropy, and rapid attainment of bulk-like grain sizes. These results highlight the interplay between particle size, surface effects, and crystal-field stabilization in determining the magnetic response of rare-earth oxides and provide guidelines for tailoring nanoscale magnetism in functional materials.</p>

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Comparative Structural Evolution and Size-dependent Magnetism of R2O3 (R = Yb, Er, Dy) From the Nano-to-bulk-like Regime

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • M. G. F. Santos,
  • D. O. Costa,
  • L. A. Fernandes,
  • B. J. Santos,
  • J. G. S. Duque,
  • C. T. Meneses,
  • E. M. Bittar

摘要

We report a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of rare-earth sesquioxides Yb2O3, Er2O3, and Dy2O3 across a broad range of particle sizes obtained via co-precipitation and subsequent thermal annealing (500–900 °C). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals progressive grain growth with increasing temperature, with Dy2O3 exhibiting notably faster coarsening than Yb2O3 and Er2O3. Temperature-dependent susceptibility measurements indicate Curie-type paramagnetism for all compounds, while low-temperature anomalies suggest contributions from finite-size effects, crystal-field splitting, or residual defects. Field-dependent magnetization at 5 K demonstrates a clear size dependence for Yb2O3 and Er2O3, where the apparent saturation increases with particle size due to the reduction of surface disorder and the recovery of the full rare-earth moment. In contrast, Dy2O3 shows nearly size-independent magnetization, which can be associated with its larger intrinsic moment and strong single-ion anisotropy, and rapid attainment of bulk-like grain sizes. These results highlight the interplay between particle size, surface effects, and crystal-field stabilization in determining the magnetic response of rare-earth oxides and provide guidelines for tailoring nanoscale magnetism in functional materials.