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<p>The physical, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles co-doped with yttrium (Y) and neodymium (Nd) are examined in this work. The nanoparticles are synthesized using the co-precipitation technique with and without the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For structure identification, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used. The hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO was verified with successful Y and Nd inclusion, as well as a discernible decrease in crystallite size from 25.71&#xa0;nm (x = 0) to 20.78&#xa0;nm (x = 0.04) in uncapped samples, and from 32.72&#xa0;nm (x = 0) to 18.46&#xa0;nm (x = 0.04) in samples added with EDTA. Because of EDTA’s capping properties, morphological analyses using transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the EDTA-ZnO samples contained smaller, more homogeneous particles. Band gap narrowing and an absorption edge redshift were detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy, indicating changed optical behaviour, with extracted band gaps varying between 2.46 and 2.88&#xa0;eV for uncapped and 2.71–2.89&#xa0;eV for EDTA-capped systems. An agglomerated non-homogeneous morphology combining spherical and needle-like forms was observed in co-doped samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the vibrational characteristics. Because of the O-H group present in the EDTA molecules, EDTA-capped ZnO samples also had an extra OH vibration band and an additional ester carbonyl band at 1745&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> due to EDTA coordination. Co-doped and EDTA-modified materials showed a reduced band gap and a redshift in absorption, according to UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) magnetic studies revealed weak room-temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization varying from 32.4 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> emu/g (x = 0) to 18.419 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> emu/g for x = 0.04 for uncapped samples, while EDTA-capped samples reached 39.43 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> emu/g at x = 0.04, indicating enhanced magnetic response due to oxygen-vacancy concentration and dopant interaction.</p>

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Effect of EDTA on the Physical and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles co-doped with Yttrium and Neodymium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Maha Kabbani,
  • R. Awad,
  • Khulud Habanjar

摘要

The physical, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles co-doped with yttrium (Y) and neodymium (Nd) are examined in this work. The nanoparticles are synthesized using the co-precipitation technique with and without the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For structure identification, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used. The hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO was verified with successful Y and Nd inclusion, as well as a discernible decrease in crystallite size from 25.71 nm (x = 0) to 20.78 nm (x = 0.04) in uncapped samples, and from 32.72 nm (x = 0) to 18.46 nm (x = 0.04) in samples added with EDTA. Because of EDTA’s capping properties, morphological analyses using transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the EDTA-ZnO samples contained smaller, more homogeneous particles. Band gap narrowing and an absorption edge redshift were detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy, indicating changed optical behaviour, with extracted band gaps varying between 2.46 and 2.88 eV for uncapped and 2.71–2.89 eV for EDTA-capped systems. An agglomerated non-homogeneous morphology combining spherical and needle-like forms was observed in co-doped samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the vibrational characteristics. Because of the O-H group present in the EDTA molecules, EDTA-capped ZnO samples also had an extra OH vibration band and an additional ester carbonyl band at 1745 cm− 1 due to EDTA coordination. Co-doped and EDTA-modified materials showed a reduced band gap and a redshift in absorption, according to UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) magnetic studies revealed weak room-temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization varying from 32.4 × 10− 3 emu/g (x = 0) to 18.419 × 10− 3 emu/g for x = 0.04 for uncapped samples, while EDTA-capped samples reached 39.43 × 10− 3 emu/g at x = 0.04, indicating enhanced magnetic response due to oxygen-vacancy concentration and dopant interaction.