Green-Synthesized Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticle Alleviated Sodium Nitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Its Anti-oxidant Property and Displayed Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic and Anti-platelet Activities

The present study unveils the Decalepis hamiltonii leaves extract mediated biosynthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs) and its role on oxidative stress-induced inflammation, thrombosis and diabetes. DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs were characterized using various techniques such as PXRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, HR-TEM and VSM. DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs revealed irregular polygonal shapes with uneven distribution of particles with an average size of 19.13 nm. The DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs displayed considerable anti-oxidant activity by scavenging DPPH free radical about 60.35% at 150 µg/mL concentration with an IC₅₀ value of 54.18 µg/mL. Similarly, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs reduced 744.06 µM ferric ions at the concentration of 150 µg/mL with an IC₅₀ value of 44.08 µg/mL. DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs were non-toxic to RBCs and exhibited anti-oxidant property by regulating the stress markers such as LPO, PCC, TT, and anti-oxidant enzymes like CAT and SOD activities in NaNO₂-induced oxidative stress in RBCs model. Furthermore, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs were found to protect the RBCs’ membrane by inhibiting the hypo-tonicity and heat-induced hemolysis suggesting its anti-hemolytic activity. Furthermore, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs exhibited fair anti-inflammatory property that was tested using egg albumin, BSA denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. In addition, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs inhibited α-amylase (46.45%) and α-glucosidase (48.66%) activity respectively and revealed its anti-diabetic property. Most importantly, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs showed anti-platelet activity by inhibiting both ADP and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation with an inhibition percentage of 58.73 and 63.88, respectively. In conclusion, DHLE.CoFe₂O₄ NPs appear to be a good candidate in regulating oxidative stress-induced, inflammation, haemolysis, diabetes and thrombosis.