Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Y_2.85Ca_0.15Fe_5-xM_xO₁₂ (M = Sn, Ti, and Mn)

A sample of Y_2.85Ca_0.15Sn_0.08Ti_0.05Mn_0.07Fe_4.8O₁₂ doped with four different ions was prepared using the solid method and a subsequent procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the sample’s structural features, elemental distribution, and surface morphology. The study used the B-H magnetic characteristic analyzer and superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic performance measurement system to analyze the magnetic properties of Y_2.85Ca_0.15Sn_0.08Ti_0.05Mn_0.07Fe_4.8O₁₂. The correlation becomes more surprising as the frequency increases, indicating a decrease in permeability when the magnetic field H reaches 200 A/m. Ion substitution leads to changes in magnetic crystal anisotropy, affecting permeability as the external magnetic field strength increases. We analyze the correlation between saturation magnetization and temperature in the 520–540 K range and explain the variation of saturation magnetization with temperature. The study shows that saturation magnetization decreases as temperature increases. This result suggests that saturation magnetization decreases as temperature increases. The increased super-exchange effect due to Ti and Mn occupying the (d) sites is much stronger than the reduced effect caused by Sn occupying the (a) sites. Therefore, the saturation magnetization of the Y_2.85Ca_0.15Sn_0.08Ti_0.05Mn_0.07Fe_4.8O₁₂ sample is higher than that of the undoped sample. The Curie temperature (Tc) of the Y_2.85Ca_0.15Sn_0.08Ti_0.05Mn_0.07Fe_4.8O₁₂ sample is lower than that of the undoped sample.