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<p>Rapid and accurate detection of coronavirus-like pathogens in human blood remains a&#xa0;critical global healthcare challenge. In this work, a&#xa0;one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal structure is theoretically designed and analyzed for label-free, refractive-index-based virus screening. The proposed multilayer structure consists of alternating SiO<sub>2</sub> (300 nm) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (500 nm) layers with an embedded air cavity acting as the sensing region, operating at an incident wavelength of 412 nm. Six virus types such as H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, FAdV, and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) which are investigated by introducing their corresponding complex refractive indices into the sample layer.</p><p>Key optical parameters including reflectance, absorbance, transmittance, sensitivity, resolution, noise level, quality factor, and measurement error are systematically evaluated. Sensitivity analysis reveals a&#xa0;pronounced enhancement for IBV, reaching approximately 0.0125 meV/RI, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of flu viruses such as H5N1 and H5N2 (≈10⁻<sup>4</sup> meV/RI). The corresponding resolution for IBV improves significantly to ~20 RIU/meV, compared to ~6700 RIU/meV for H5N2, indicating superior detection capability. The structure exhibits high quality factors, ranging from 1.36 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 1.63 × 10<sup>7</sup> for flu viruses and reaching 1.11 × 10<sup>8</sup> for IBV, confirming excellent optical confinement and minimal loss. Noise levels remain low (&lt; 0.003) for most samples, with a&#xa0;distinct increase for IBV due to strong light-matter interaction. Measurement errors are consistently below 4%, validating high accuracy. These results demonstrate that the proposed 1‑D photonic structure is a&#xa0;promising platform for rapid and reliable coronavirus screening.</p>

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Analysis and design of a 1-D photonic structure for rapid coronavirus screening in human blood

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Gopinath Palai,
  • Archana Rath,
  • Chandra Sekhar Mishra,
  • Rabinarayan Satpathy,
  • Partha Sarkar

摘要

Rapid and accurate detection of coronavirus-like pathogens in human blood remains a critical global healthcare challenge. In this work, a one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal structure is theoretically designed and analyzed for label-free, refractive-index-based virus screening. The proposed multilayer structure consists of alternating SiO2 (300 nm) and TiO2 (500 nm) layers with an embedded air cavity acting as the sensing region, operating at an incident wavelength of 412 nm. Six virus types such as H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, FAdV, and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) which are investigated by introducing their corresponding complex refractive indices into the sample layer.

Key optical parameters including reflectance, absorbance, transmittance, sensitivity, resolution, noise level, quality factor, and measurement error are systematically evaluated. Sensitivity analysis reveals a pronounced enhancement for IBV, reaching approximately 0.0125 meV/RI, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of flu viruses such as H5N1 and H5N2 (≈10⁻4 meV/RI). The corresponding resolution for IBV improves significantly to ~20 RIU/meV, compared to ~6700 RIU/meV for H5N2, indicating superior detection capability. The structure exhibits high quality factors, ranging from 1.36 × 107 to 1.63 × 107 for flu viruses and reaching 1.11 × 108 for IBV, confirming excellent optical confinement and minimal loss. Noise levels remain low (< 0.003) for most samples, with a distinct increase for IBV due to strong light-matter interaction. Measurement errors are consistently below 4%, validating high accuracy. These results demonstrate that the proposed 1‑D photonic structure is a promising platform for rapid and reliable coronavirus screening.