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<p>The treatment of osteoarthritis—a&#xa0;degenerative joint disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone—remains a&#xa0;significant challenge in modern orthopedics. One promising therapeutic approach employs moderate-power laser radiation delivered through optical fibers. This work was dedicated to the theoretical clarification of potential mechanisms of tissue regeneration stimulation during high-energy dual-wavelength laser treatment (λ = 0.97 and 1.56 µm) of osteoarthritis and articular cartilage defects. We experimentally determined the optical characteristics of articular cartilage and subchondral bone samples, measured temperature and optical fields induced by laser exposure, and performed theoretical calculations of radiation intensity distribution. Our modeling calculations suggest that cellular stimulation in the superficial layer of the subchondral bone would likely occur through thermo-photobiomodulation (TPBM) at moderate heating (38–42 °C), while deeper layers would encounter photobiomodulation (PBM) at lower intensities. Based on prior experimental measurements, we hypothesize that shock waves and broadband acoustic oscillations arising from laser-induced thermocavitation may contribute to tissue regeneration through mechanobiological mechanisms. However, direct confirmation of these effects in living tissue requires further experimental investigation. This study provides a&#xa0;theoretical framework for understanding how laser radiation parameters might achieve cellular stimulation through multiple synergistic mechanisms (TPBM, PBM, and acoustic effects), offering new prospects for the development and optimization of laser medical technologies. Future validation in biological systems is essential.</p>

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Mechanisms of tissue regeneration stimulation in high-energy laser treatment of osteoarthritis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Vladimir Yusupov,
  • Vladimir Surin,
  • Sergey Ivannikov

摘要

The treatment of osteoarthritis—a degenerative joint disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone—remains a significant challenge in modern orthopedics. One promising therapeutic approach employs moderate-power laser radiation delivered through optical fibers. This work was dedicated to the theoretical clarification of potential mechanisms of tissue regeneration stimulation during high-energy dual-wavelength laser treatment (λ = 0.97 and 1.56 µm) of osteoarthritis and articular cartilage defects. We experimentally determined the optical characteristics of articular cartilage and subchondral bone samples, measured temperature and optical fields induced by laser exposure, and performed theoretical calculations of radiation intensity distribution. Our modeling calculations suggest that cellular stimulation in the superficial layer of the subchondral bone would likely occur through thermo-photobiomodulation (TPBM) at moderate heating (38–42 °C), while deeper layers would encounter photobiomodulation (PBM) at lower intensities. Based on prior experimental measurements, we hypothesize that shock waves and broadband acoustic oscillations arising from laser-induced thermocavitation may contribute to tissue regeneration through mechanobiological mechanisms. However, direct confirmation of these effects in living tissue requires further experimental investigation. This study provides a theoretical framework for understanding how laser radiation parameters might achieve cellular stimulation through multiple synergistic mechanisms (TPBM, PBM, and acoustic effects), offering new prospects for the development and optimization of laser medical technologies. Future validation in biological systems is essential.