Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Vortex Beams with Twist Phase in Oceanic Turbulence

We derive the analytical expressions of the average intensity of a partially coherent twisted Laguerre– Gaussian vortex (PCTLGV) beam passing through oceanic turbulence with the help of the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. The findings show that the normalized initial profile with a dark hollow distribution of PCTLGV beam gradually converts into a flat-topped one, and finally degenerates into a Gaussian-like distribution as the propagation distance increases. The outcomes also reveal that the effect of oceanic turbulence on the propagation properties of PCTLGV beam can be effectively mitigated by regulating the twist factor and topological charge. We also find that PCTLGV beam exhibits stronger anti-turbulence ability, when the topological charge and twist factor have opposite signs as well as larger absolute values of twist factor. In addition, the PCTLGV beam will degenerate fast in stronger turbulence over the poor turbulence, which can be counteracted by increasing the initial coherence lengths. Our researches can contribute to underwater communication transmission, oceanic laser radar detection, and optical imaging.