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<p>The present research aimed to develop a psychometrically sound measure of moral injury for lawyers. In study I, deductive and inductive approaches were used to generate an initial item pool. Furthermore, the item pool was reviewed and finalized with the help of experts’ opinions. In order to explore factor structure and ensure psychometric properties of the scale, a purpose sample comprised of lawyers (<i>N</i> = 226, <i>mean age</i> = 31, <i>SD</i> = 5.2) was recruited. Results indicated a three-factor structure of moral injury—betrayal, transgression, and value system conflict. Four items were retained in each factor: betrayal (1,2,3,4), transgression (5,6,7,8), and value system conflict (9,10,11,12). In study II, another independent sample was recruited to confirm the factor structure. The three-factor structure produced by EFA was found to fit the data with three-factor solution with initial item loadings &gt; 0.40. The Chi-square value was 70.41 (df = 51), with CFI = 0.97, GFI .95, TLI = 0.96, RMR = 0.01, and RMSEA = 0.04. The alpha reliability of the overall scale and subscales was 0.78, 0.70, 0.82, and .74, respectively. Study III demonstrated evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Positive correlation of moral injury with pathological lying (<i>r</i> = 0.50, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and decisional fatigue (<i>r</i> = 0.49, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) ensured its convergent validity, while a non-significant relationship with internet addiction provided evidence of discriminant validity.</p>

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Moral Injury Among Pakistani Lawyers: Measurement, Psychometric Properties, and Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Iffat Mazhar,
  • Saba Ghayas,
  • Syeda Tooba Akhtar,
  • Rehana Ilyas,
  • Wajeeha Tahir

摘要

The present research aimed to develop a psychometrically sound measure of moral injury for lawyers. In study I, deductive and inductive approaches were used to generate an initial item pool. Furthermore, the item pool was reviewed and finalized with the help of experts’ opinions. In order to explore factor structure and ensure psychometric properties of the scale, a purpose sample comprised of lawyers (N = 226, mean age = 31, SD = 5.2) was recruited. Results indicated a three-factor structure of moral injury—betrayal, transgression, and value system conflict. Four items were retained in each factor: betrayal (1,2,3,4), transgression (5,6,7,8), and value system conflict (9,10,11,12). In study II, another independent sample was recruited to confirm the factor structure. The three-factor structure produced by EFA was found to fit the data with three-factor solution with initial item loadings > 0.40. The Chi-square value was 70.41 (df = 51), with CFI = 0.97, GFI .95, TLI = 0.96, RMR = 0.01, and RMSEA = 0.04. The alpha reliability of the overall scale and subscales was 0.78, 0.70, 0.82, and .74, respectively. Study III demonstrated evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Positive correlation of moral injury with pathological lying (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and decisional fatigue (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) ensured its convergent validity, while a non-significant relationship with internet addiction provided evidence of discriminant validity.