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<p>For bone tissue regeneration, 3D printing ceramic materials is beneficial, however material synthesis and commercially accessible composites raise demand and decrease cost-effectiveness. Implementing more composite materials to the defective site may triggers oxidative stress to the surrounding cells. This study focuses on the development of 3D printed Bentonite- Hydroxyapatite (BEN-HAP) scaffold infilled with flavonoids conjugated silk fibroin for bone tissue replacement for controlling oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. The silk fibroin (SF) infilled regions in the scaffold showed a sponge-like fibre matrix that facilitates cell adhesion and proliferation which were observed under FESEM. Also, flake-shaped appetite formation with increased Ca: P ratio (13.21:9.11) was observed in SF-infilled scaffolds, confirming the calcium and phosphate mineralization layer. The scaffolds showed improved surface properties that facilitated slow water permeation and absorption compared with BEN-HAP scaffold. The biocompatibility results showed no toxic effect on human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs), additionally, the quercetin and hesperetin loaded SF-BEN-HAP scaffold showed more than 60% closure promoting a high cell migration rate at 10 µM concentration in scratch test assay. And a maximum reduction in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in hWJ-MSCs was observed when treated with 20 µM flavonoids, as a result, the scaffold provides better environmental niche for cell growth, inhibiting the oxidative stress, suitable for bone tissue repair.</p>

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3D printed silk fibroin-bentonite-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold with antioxidant property for bone regeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Logeshwaran A,
  • Renold Elsen,
  • Ashutosh D. Bagde,
  • Sunita Nayak

摘要

For bone tissue regeneration, 3D printing ceramic materials is beneficial, however material synthesis and commercially accessible composites raise demand and decrease cost-effectiveness. Implementing more composite materials to the defective site may triggers oxidative stress to the surrounding cells. This study focuses on the development of 3D printed Bentonite- Hydroxyapatite (BEN-HAP) scaffold infilled with flavonoids conjugated silk fibroin for bone tissue replacement for controlling oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. The silk fibroin (SF) infilled regions in the scaffold showed a sponge-like fibre matrix that facilitates cell adhesion and proliferation which were observed under FESEM. Also, flake-shaped appetite formation with increased Ca: P ratio (13.21:9.11) was observed in SF-infilled scaffolds, confirming the calcium and phosphate mineralization layer. The scaffolds showed improved surface properties that facilitated slow water permeation and absorption compared with BEN-HAP scaffold. The biocompatibility results showed no toxic effect on human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs), additionally, the quercetin and hesperetin loaded SF-BEN-HAP scaffold showed more than 60% closure promoting a high cell migration rate at 10 µM concentration in scratch test assay. And a maximum reduction in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in hWJ-MSCs was observed when treated with 20 µM flavonoids, as a result, the scaffold provides better environmental niche for cell growth, inhibiting the oxidative stress, suitable for bone tissue repair.