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<p>This study successfully prepared a Pd Complex immobilized on the surface of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles through a simple and cost-effective process. Detailed characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDS, ICP, and VSM techniques. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/APTES/CC/GA-Pd catalyst was tested for its effectiveness in the cyanation of aryl halides and the selective synthesis of tetrazoles under varying experimental conditions, including adjustments to catalyst quantities, solvent types, and reaction temperatures. Its notable advantages include ease of synthesis, faster reaction rates, and low catalyst loading requirements. The nanocatalyst was efficiently recovered with an external magnet and reused multiple times without substantial loss of catalytic activity. The heterogeneity of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/APTES/CC/GA-Pd was further analyzed through hot filtration experiments.</p>

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Core–shell structured Fe3O4/APTES/CC/GA-Pd magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of tetrazoles and cyanation of aryl halides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Magda Abdel lattif H.,
  • Mohammad Abu Shuheil,
  • Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda,
  • M. M. Rekha,
  • Rasha Eldalawy,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Kattela Chennakesavulu,
  • Renu Sharma

摘要

This study successfully prepared a Pd Complex immobilized on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles through a simple and cost-effective process. Detailed characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDS, ICP, and VSM techniques. The Fe3O4/APTES/CC/GA-Pd catalyst was tested for its effectiveness in the cyanation of aryl halides and the selective synthesis of tetrazoles under varying experimental conditions, including adjustments to catalyst quantities, solvent types, and reaction temperatures. Its notable advantages include ease of synthesis, faster reaction rates, and low catalyst loading requirements. The nanocatalyst was efficiently recovered with an external magnet and reused multiple times without substantial loss of catalytic activity. The heterogeneity of Fe3O4/APTES/CC/GA-Pd was further analyzed through hot filtration experiments.