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<p>In this work, a novel Sodium Alginate (SA)-Pullulan (PA)-based hydrogel was synthesized via chemical crosslinking using epichlorohydrin (ECH) for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) and Auramine O (AO) dyes from aqueous solutions. FTIR confirmed the successful crosslinking of ECH onto the SA and PA backbones, while XRD, TGA, EDX and SEM analyses were performed to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. TGA results showed that the SA-ECH-PA hydrogel possesses higher thermal stability than pullulan. SEM analysis revealed that the incorporation of ECH into the polymeric backbone considerably enhanced the surface roughness. FTIR and XRD analyses were also conducted after dye adsorption to investigate possible structural and chemical changes in the hydrogel surface. The kinetic and isotherm data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models for both dyes. The monolayer adsorption capacities were 2.57&#xa0;mg/g for CV (pH 7, 10&#xa0;mg/L, 25&#xa0;°C, 210&#xa0;min) and 9.34&#xa0;mg/g for AO (pH 7, 40&#xa0;mg/L, 25&#xa0;°C, 270&#xa0;min). The percentage removals (%R) achieved were 93.12% for CV and 91.43% for AO under their respective optimal conditions. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption processes were spontaneous, exothermic and accompanied by a decrease in entropy. Overall, the synthesized adsorbent demonstrated good performance in wastewater treatment, suggesting its potential for practical application.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Decontamination of crystal violet and auramine O dyes from aqueous media using pullulan@ sodium alginate based hydrogel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Rahul,
  • Hemlata Chauhan,
  • Rajeev Jindal

摘要

In this work, a novel Sodium Alginate (SA)-Pullulan (PA)-based hydrogel was synthesized via chemical crosslinking using epichlorohydrin (ECH) for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) and Auramine O (AO) dyes from aqueous solutions. FTIR confirmed the successful crosslinking of ECH onto the SA and PA backbones, while XRD, TGA, EDX and SEM analyses were performed to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. TGA results showed that the SA-ECH-PA hydrogel possesses higher thermal stability than pullulan. SEM analysis revealed that the incorporation of ECH into the polymeric backbone considerably enhanced the surface roughness. FTIR and XRD analyses were also conducted after dye adsorption to investigate possible structural and chemical changes in the hydrogel surface. The kinetic and isotherm data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models for both dyes. The monolayer adsorption capacities were 2.57 mg/g for CV (pH 7, 10 mg/L, 25 °C, 210 min) and 9.34 mg/g for AO (pH 7, 40 mg/L, 25 °C, 270 min). The percentage removals (%R) achieved were 93.12% for CV and 91.43% for AO under their respective optimal conditions. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption processes were spontaneous, exothermic and accompanied by a decrease in entropy. Overall, the synthesized adsorbent demonstrated good performance in wastewater treatment, suggesting its potential for practical application.

Graphical abstract