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<p>In this study, a well-interconnected porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam was successfully fabricated via a one-pot synthesis approach using particulate spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a bio-based porogen. The incorporation of SCG induced pore formation through differential solvent evaporation of hexane during thermal curing, eliminating the need for additional post-treatment steps. The resulting PDMS/SCG foams exhibited excellent absorption performance toward hydrophobic contaminants, such as oils and organic solvents, with an absorption capacity ranging from 5.51 to 16.77&#xa0;g/g when 10 wt% SCG was added. The foams retained stable mechanical integrity and demonstrated reusability over 10 absorption–desorption cycles. Excessive SCG content above 40 wt% (relative to PDMS pre-polymer) negatively affected mechanical stability, as confirmed by external force tests. These results suggest that the direct utilization of biomass-derived SCG as a functional pore-forming agent offers a promising strategy for the sustainable fabrication of high-performance absorbents. The developed porous PDMS/SCG foam shows significant potential for use in selective oil/water and organic solvent/water separation under environmentally relevant conditions.</p>

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Biomass-based porous PDMS absorbents using spent coffee grounds for selective phase separation and sustainable waste valorization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Ho Seok Kwak,
  • Youngsang Chun

摘要

In this study, a well-interconnected porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam was successfully fabricated via a one-pot synthesis approach using particulate spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a bio-based porogen. The incorporation of SCG induced pore formation through differential solvent evaporation of hexane during thermal curing, eliminating the need for additional post-treatment steps. The resulting PDMS/SCG foams exhibited excellent absorption performance toward hydrophobic contaminants, such as oils and organic solvents, with an absorption capacity ranging from 5.51 to 16.77 g/g when 10 wt% SCG was added. The foams retained stable mechanical integrity and demonstrated reusability over 10 absorption–desorption cycles. Excessive SCG content above 40 wt% (relative to PDMS pre-polymer) negatively affected mechanical stability, as confirmed by external force tests. These results suggest that the direct utilization of biomass-derived SCG as a functional pore-forming agent offers a promising strategy for the sustainable fabrication of high-performance absorbents. The developed porous PDMS/SCG foam shows significant potential for use in selective oil/water and organic solvent/water separation under environmentally relevant conditions.