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<p>Silica foam serves as a versatile substrate for the development of heterogeneous catalysts with customizable shapes. In this study, silica foam was successfully modified with NaY zeolite (Foam/Zeo) and heteropoly acid (Foam/Zeo/HPA) to create innovative composite materials. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, NH₃-TPD, and BET analyses confirmed the uniform dispersion of zeolite and heteropoly acid within the silica foam matrix, preserving its structural integrity. The resulting composites exhibited a well-balanced micro-mesoporous structure with enhanced acidic sites. The catalytic performance of Foam/Zeo and Foam/Zeo/HPA was evaluated in the esterification of acetic acid with five different alcohols and the transesterification of sunflower oil, animal fats, and waste oils. Foam/Zeo/HPA achieved a remarkable esterification efficiency of 89.97%, while Foam/Zeo demonstrated superior efficiency in transesterification, reaching 96.13%. Notably, both composites retained over 90% of their catalytic activity after five reaction cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability and durability. These characteristics, combined with their balanced acidity and structural stability, underscore the potential of Foam/Zeo and Foam/Zeo/HPA as highly effective and sustainable catalysts for industrial organic reactions, including biofuel production and fine chemical synthesis.</p>

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Enhancing silica foam with NaY zeolite and heteropoly acid for efficient esterification and transesterification catalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Mojgan Zendehdel,
  • Erfan Jafari,
  • Hadi Shafiei,
  • RouhollahJalajerdi

摘要

Silica foam serves as a versatile substrate for the development of heterogeneous catalysts with customizable shapes. In this study, silica foam was successfully modified with NaY zeolite (Foam/Zeo) and heteropoly acid (Foam/Zeo/HPA) to create innovative composite materials. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, NH₃-TPD, and BET analyses confirmed the uniform dispersion of zeolite and heteropoly acid within the silica foam matrix, preserving its structural integrity. The resulting composites exhibited a well-balanced micro-mesoporous structure with enhanced acidic sites. The catalytic performance of Foam/Zeo and Foam/Zeo/HPA was evaluated in the esterification of acetic acid with five different alcohols and the transesterification of sunflower oil, animal fats, and waste oils. Foam/Zeo/HPA achieved a remarkable esterification efficiency of 89.97%, while Foam/Zeo demonstrated superior efficiency in transesterification, reaching 96.13%. Notably, both composites retained over 90% of their catalytic activity after five reaction cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability and durability. These characteristics, combined with their balanced acidity and structural stability, underscore the potential of Foam/Zeo and Foam/Zeo/HPA as highly effective and sustainable catalysts for industrial organic reactions, including biofuel production and fine chemical synthesis.