Bio-based templates for generating hierarchical zeolites: an overview for greener synthesis pathway

In general, hierarchical zeolite synthesis will produce waste, which will cause many problems for environmental pollution. The waste that comes from the synthesis of zeolites, such as the use of hazardous chemicals from the use of many solvents, additional templates, silica sources used, and other precursors that are not environmentally friendly. One solution to the problem is to use bio-based templates. The advantage of using this bio-based template is that it is environmentally friendly, reduces dependence on hazardous chemicals, and supports sustainability for bio-based templates such as carbohydrates, chitin, and others. The use of the previously mentioned templates in zeolite synthesis can produce hierarchical pores, high crystallinity, and catalytic properties that are not inferior to conventional zeolites obtained, and more cost-effective. The efforts are expected to fulfill the principles of green chemistry, which prioritizes the environment to provide better prospects for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites in the future.