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<p>Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to address global water scarcity; however, many high-performance desiccant materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), rely on energy-intensive synthesis processes and toxic organic solvents. In this study, biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel beads were fabricated through a water-based process using CaCl₂ solutions of varying concentrations. The incorporation of hygroscopic CaCl₂ promoted moisture adsorption, while the crosslinked CMC network provided structural stability through ionic and chemical crosslinking. The resulting hydrogel beads exhibited moisture adsorption behavior dependent on CaCl₂ concentration, with the 60% CaCl₂ hydrogel beads showing the highest water uptake of 4.81&#xa0;g/g at 90% relative humidity. In addition, the hydrogel beads maintained stable adsorption performance over three consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles under mild regeneration conditions (&lt; 100&#xa0;°C). The CMC–CaCl₂ hydrogel demonstrates potential as a sustainable desiccant material for atmospheric water harvesting.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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CaCl₂-loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Beads for Atmospheric Water Harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Sa Rang Choi,
  • Jung Myoung Lee

摘要

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to address global water scarcity; however, many high-performance desiccant materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), rely on energy-intensive synthesis processes and toxic organic solvents. In this study, biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel beads were fabricated through a water-based process using CaCl₂ solutions of varying concentrations. The incorporation of hygroscopic CaCl₂ promoted moisture adsorption, while the crosslinked CMC network provided structural stability through ionic and chemical crosslinking. The resulting hydrogel beads exhibited moisture adsorption behavior dependent on CaCl₂ concentration, with the 60% CaCl₂ hydrogel beads showing the highest water uptake of 4.81 g/g at 90% relative humidity. In addition, the hydrogel beads maintained stable adsorption performance over three consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles under mild regeneration conditions (< 100 °C). The CMC–CaCl₂ hydrogel demonstrates potential as a sustainable desiccant material for atmospheric water harvesting.

Graphical Abstract