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<p>Engineering cytocompatible biointerfaces with controllable micro/nano-topography and network stability remains a central challenge in polysaccharide-based scaffolds for soft tissue applications. In this study, a solvent-assisted crosslinking approach is proposed, in which sebacic acid promotes chitosan dispersion while simultaneously participating as a mild dicarboxylic crosslinker during scaffold fabrication. In combination with sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), a dual-modified chitosan–alginate scaffold (CSMA) was obtained, exhibiting reduced swelling (≈ 18.4-fold), high interconnected porosity (≈ 84.2%), and balanced mechanical performance in the hydrated state (≈ 1.5&#xa0;MPa), reflecting the cooperative effects of solvation-assisted protonation and nanoscale reinforcement. The incorporation of Na-MMT generated hierarchical micro/nano-scale surface features, which qualitatively supported stem cell attachment, as evidenced by the spreading morphology and thin cytoplasmic extensions of adherent ADSCs observed by SEM. In addition, antibacterial assessment using a zone-of-inhibition method indicated a surface-associated antibacterial tendency, with a more pronounced effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, this solvent-assisted strategy offers a water-based and cytocompatible route to modulate scaffold structure and interfacial characteristics for soft-tissue-oriented applications, while avoiding conventional toxic synthetic crosslinkers.</p>

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Solvent-assisted Dual Modification of Chitosan–alginate Scaffolds using Sebacic Acid and Na-MMT

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Hadis Eghbali,
  • Khadijeh Salehi,
  • Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar,
  • Ebrahim Rezazadeh Zarandi

摘要

Engineering cytocompatible biointerfaces with controllable micro/nano-topography and network stability remains a central challenge in polysaccharide-based scaffolds for soft tissue applications. In this study, a solvent-assisted crosslinking approach is proposed, in which sebacic acid promotes chitosan dispersion while simultaneously participating as a mild dicarboxylic crosslinker during scaffold fabrication. In combination with sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), a dual-modified chitosan–alginate scaffold (CSMA) was obtained, exhibiting reduced swelling (≈ 18.4-fold), high interconnected porosity (≈ 84.2%), and balanced mechanical performance in the hydrated state (≈ 1.5 MPa), reflecting the cooperative effects of solvation-assisted protonation and nanoscale reinforcement. The incorporation of Na-MMT generated hierarchical micro/nano-scale surface features, which qualitatively supported stem cell attachment, as evidenced by the spreading morphology and thin cytoplasmic extensions of adherent ADSCs observed by SEM. In addition, antibacterial assessment using a zone-of-inhibition method indicated a surface-associated antibacterial tendency, with a more pronounced effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, this solvent-assisted strategy offers a water-based and cytocompatible route to modulate scaffold structure and interfacial characteristics for soft-tissue-oriented applications, while avoiding conventional toxic synthetic crosslinkers.