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<p>This study investigates the epoxidation of sunflower oil using lactic acid as an oxygen carrier, with emphasis on reaction kinetics under varying conditions of temperature, hydrogen peroxide-to-oil molar ratio, and stirring speed. The reaction progress was monitored through oxirane oxygen content (OOC) measurements and analyzed using pseudo-first-order and consecutive first-order kinetic models, with MATLAB R2023A employed for parameter estimation. The results showed that the highest relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) was achieved at the most intense conditions tested. The maximum relative conversion of oxirane (RCO) reached about 27%, with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 6.8 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ and consecutive model rate constants of k₁ = 0.0307&#xa0;min⁻¹ (epoxy formation) and k₂ = 0.0351&#xa0;min⁻¹ (epoxy degradation).These findings confirm that increasing temperature, oxidant loading, and agitation enhances both the epoxidation rate and peak oxirane yield. However, the accelerated degradation of oxirane groups at these extreme conditions also highlights the trade-off between rapid conversion and product stability. Overall, the study demonstrates that lactic acid can serve as an effective and safer oxygen carrier for epoxidation, with kinetic modeling providing valuable insights into the design of optimized green processes for producing epoxidized oils and polyols.</p>

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Kinetics of Sunflower Oil Epoxidation with Lactic Acid–Derived Perlactic Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Mohammad Aathif Addli,
  • Mohd Jumain Jalil,
  • Nursyalily Razali,
  • Aishath Shaira,
  • Intan Suhada Azmi

摘要

This study investigates the epoxidation of sunflower oil using lactic acid as an oxygen carrier, with emphasis on reaction kinetics under varying conditions of temperature, hydrogen peroxide-to-oil molar ratio, and stirring speed. The reaction progress was monitored through oxirane oxygen content (OOC) measurements and analyzed using pseudo-first-order and consecutive first-order kinetic models, with MATLAB R2023A employed for parameter estimation. The results showed that the highest relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) was achieved at the most intense conditions tested. The maximum relative conversion of oxirane (RCO) reached about 27%, with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 6.8 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ and consecutive model rate constants of k₁ = 0.0307 min⁻¹ (epoxy formation) and k₂ = 0.0351 min⁻¹ (epoxy degradation).These findings confirm that increasing temperature, oxidant loading, and agitation enhances both the epoxidation rate and peak oxirane yield. However, the accelerated degradation of oxirane groups at these extreme conditions also highlights the trade-off between rapid conversion and product stability. Overall, the study demonstrates that lactic acid can serve as an effective and safer oxygen carrier for epoxidation, with kinetic modeling providing valuable insights into the design of optimized green processes for producing epoxidized oils and polyols.