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<p>There is growing interest in using biocompatible natural polymers, particularly polysaccharides, in nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis due to their defined chemical structure, biodegradability and availability. In this study, we developed an efficient method for synthesizing biocompatible palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) stabilized with chitosan, using either commercial chitosan or chitosan extracted from honey bee corpses. Commercial chitosan led to spherical Pd NPs I (~ 20&#xa0;nm), whereas bee-derived chitosan (green synthesis) yielded flower-like Pd NPs II (~ 40&#xa0;nm). In vitro studies on glioblastoma cell lines (LN229 and U118) showed comparable cytotoxicity for both NP types. However, under combined proton radiotherapy, Pd NPs I resulted in a stronger reduction of cell survival (to ~ 52–64%), compared to Pd NPs II (~ 39–56%), depending on the cell line. Real-time holotomography showed that Pd NPs II induced more pronounced morphological alterations at equal concentrations. Overall, Pd NPs I appear to be more promising as radiosensitizing nanosystems in biomedical applications.</p>

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Cytotoxicity, Radiosensitizing Properties and Cellular Uptake of Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Commercial Chitosan vs. Honey bee-derived Chitosan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月24日

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  • Bartosz Klebowski,
  • Radosław Piech,
  • Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga,
  • Kamil Sobczak,
  • Marianna Gniadek,
  • Tomasz Majka,
  • Jarek Baran,
  • Joanna Depciuch

摘要

There is growing interest in using biocompatible natural polymers, particularly polysaccharides, in nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis due to their defined chemical structure, biodegradability and availability. In this study, we developed an efficient method for synthesizing biocompatible palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) stabilized with chitosan, using either commercial chitosan or chitosan extracted from honey bee corpses. Commercial chitosan led to spherical Pd NPs I (~ 20 nm), whereas bee-derived chitosan (green synthesis) yielded flower-like Pd NPs II (~ 40 nm). In vitro studies on glioblastoma cell lines (LN229 and U118) showed comparable cytotoxicity for both NP types. However, under combined proton radiotherapy, Pd NPs I resulted in a stronger reduction of cell survival (to ~ 52–64%), compared to Pd NPs II (~ 39–56%), depending on the cell line. Real-time holotomography showed that Pd NPs II induced more pronounced morphological alterations at equal concentrations. Overall, Pd NPs I appear to be more promising as radiosensitizing nanosystems in biomedical applications.