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<p>Polyesters and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on polyesters, as biodegradable and eco-friendly synthetic polymers, were the focus of research in recent years with promising for results for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Among the commercially available polyesters, the potential of the semi-crystalline poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) as polyols was not explored in depth. In this regard, we synthesized a PBS-diol oligomer through esterification between butylene glycol and succinic acid; the oligomer was characterized using NMR analysis. It was subsequently used as polyol for the catalyst- free synthesis of TPUs using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The FTIR results revealed successful completion of prepolymerization reaction after 2&#xa0;h in the absence of toxic tin- based catalyst. The TPUs possessed high elastic modulus (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:E\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) due to high PBS crystallinity. Incorporating CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, as an antioxidant, into the TPU with HDI: PBS-diol molar ratio of 4:1 resulted in an unprecedented rise in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:E\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from 49.0 to 186.5&#xa0;MPa once 0.25 wt% CeO<sub>2</sub> was used due to its ideal dispersion and its possible role as a nucleating agent. CeO<sub>2</sub> increased PBS crystallites’ thermal stability through disrupting hard domains and acting as a nucleating agent for soft segment. MTT results of the nanocomposites also revealed promising results.</p>

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Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Biocompatible, High-Modulus and Crystalline Polyurethane Nanocomposites of Poly (butylene succinate) and Cerium Oxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Sundus Mahdi Alghazali,
  • Mehdi Rafizadeh,
  • Iman Shabani

摘要

Polyesters and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on polyesters, as biodegradable and eco-friendly synthetic polymers, were the focus of research in recent years with promising for results for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Among the commercially available polyesters, the potential of the semi-crystalline poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) as polyols was not explored in depth. In this regard, we synthesized a PBS-diol oligomer through esterification between butylene glycol and succinic acid; the oligomer was characterized using NMR analysis. It was subsequently used as polyol for the catalyst- free synthesis of TPUs using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The FTIR results revealed successful completion of prepolymerization reaction after 2 h in the absence of toxic tin- based catalyst. The TPUs possessed high elastic modulus ( \(\:E\) ) due to high PBS crystallinity. Incorporating CeO2 nanoparticles, as an antioxidant, into the TPU with HDI: PBS-diol molar ratio of 4:1 resulted in an unprecedented rise in \(\:E\) from 49.0 to 186.5 MPa once 0.25 wt% CeO2 was used due to its ideal dispersion and its possible role as a nucleating agent. CeO2 increased PBS crystallites’ thermal stability through disrupting hard domains and acting as a nucleating agent for soft segment. MTT results of the nanocomposites also revealed promising results.