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<p>This research involves a new class of biodegradable bio-membrane based on natural polymers (agarose and gelatin) incorporated with medicinal plant-derived biocides. This study employed a biological agent as an alternative to antibacterial nanoparticles to reduce any environmental issues arising from the release of such particles. The performance of the prepared membranes in terms of antibacterial activity and resistance to biological fouling is evaluated. The antibacterial characteristics of the membranes are tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> via disk diffusion, colony count, and FESEM analysis. The findings suggest that the membranes, including medicinal plant extracts, demonstrate strong antibacterial properties. The pure water flux for the neat membrane is 5.6 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\pm\:\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>0.2&#xa0;L.m<sup>−2</sup>.h<sup>−1</sup>. In contrast, the membranes modified by garlic and nettle extracts and the hybrid membrane including garlic and nettle extract demonstrate enhanced performance with flux values of 6.6 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\pm\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.3&#xa0;L.m<sup>−2</sup>.h<sup>−1</sup>, 10.4 <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\pm\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.4&#xa0;L.m<sup>− 2</sup>.h<sup>− 1</sup>, and 10 <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\pm\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.3&#xa0;L.m<sup>−2</sup>.h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Also, the permeate flux recovery increases from 85.71% for the neat membrane to 90.90% after modification, indicating improved fouling resistance. In addition, the pressure drop of the dairy wastewater effluent for these membranes reduces from 13.04% to 7.14%, 9.1%, and 7.9% for the garlic, nettle, and hybrid membranes, respectively, confirming a reduction in flow resistance throughout the purification process. The results show that the membrane with a combination of garlic and nettle extracts achieves the highest COD removal of 99% among the synthesized membranes.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Comparative Study of Bio-Based Antimicrobial Membranes Induced by Medicinal Plant-Derived Biocide for Dairy Wastewater Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Zahra Goli Sangchi,
  • Majid Peyravi,
  • Mohsen Jahanshahi

摘要

This research involves a new class of biodegradable bio-membrane based on natural polymers (agarose and gelatin) incorporated with medicinal plant-derived biocides. This study employed a biological agent as an alternative to antibacterial nanoparticles to reduce any environmental issues arising from the release of such particles. The performance of the prepared membranes in terms of antibacterial activity and resistance to biological fouling is evaluated. The antibacterial characteristics of the membranes are tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via disk diffusion, colony count, and FESEM analysis. The findings suggest that the membranes, including medicinal plant extracts, demonstrate strong antibacterial properties. The pure water flux for the neat membrane is 5.6 \(\:\pm\:\:\) 0.2 L.m−2.h−1. In contrast, the membranes modified by garlic and nettle extracts and the hybrid membrane including garlic and nettle extract demonstrate enhanced performance with flux values of 6.6 \(\:\pm\:\) 0.3 L.m−2.h−1, 10.4 \(\:\pm\:\) 0.4 L.m− 2.h− 1, and 10 \(\:\pm\:\) 0.3 L.m−2.h−1, respectively. Also, the permeate flux recovery increases from 85.71% for the neat membrane to 90.90% after modification, indicating improved fouling resistance. In addition, the pressure drop of the dairy wastewater effluent for these membranes reduces from 13.04% to 7.14%, 9.1%, and 7.9% for the garlic, nettle, and hybrid membranes, respectively, confirming a reduction in flow resistance throughout the purification process. The results show that the membrane with a combination of garlic and nettle extracts achieves the highest COD removal of 99% among the synthesized membranes.

Graphical Abstract