Application of PCB-Waste-Functionalized P. Atacamensis Biopolymer for EOR Operations: Insights from Colloidal Stability and Rheology in Extreme Salinity/Temperature Heterogeneous Porous Media
摘要
Conventional polymer flooding agents, including commercial biopolymers like xanthan gum, may fail under harsh reservoir conditions due to thermo-oxidative chain scission and mechanical degradation. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel, eco-functionalized biopolymer derived from Pseudomonas atacamensis M7D1 and functionalized with heavy metal powders from recycled printed circuit boards (PCBs) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This functionalization creates stable coordination complexes that act as protective sites, fundamentally enhancing molecular stability. Under extreme simulated reservoir conditions (85°C, 3wt. % NaCl), a 0.5wt. % PCB-biopolymer solution exhibits significant colloidal stability and maintains over 95% of its initial viscosity over 24 hours, directly demonstrating mitigation of the chain scission failure that plagues unmodified biopolymers. Microfluidic visualization in heterogeneous porous media reveals optimized flooding patterns and suppressed viscous fingering, a consequence of the resilient, self-healing viscoelastic character confirmed by a persistent gel-like structure (G’ > G’’) in oscillatory rheology. The 0.5wt. % biopolymer solution delivered 43.6% ultimate oil recovery at ambient temperature and retained strong performance (41% recovery) at 85 °C. Importantly, a 1wt. % solution achieved nearly 4% greater incremental oil recovery than water flooding (22% vs. 17.8%) under a monovalent NaCl salt and high temperature conditions. Consequently, this work establishes metal-functionalized biopolymers as sustainable, high-performance alternatives by uniquely combining extreme salinity/temperature tolerance, colloidal resilience, and efficient pore-scale flow control through deliberate molecular engineering.