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<p>This study posed the fabrication and evaluation of a novel antibacterial material composed of HKUST-1(a copper-based metal–organic framework, MOF) incorporated into a chitosan (CS) dried hydrogel disc. The CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc was synthesized using varying copper ion (Cu²⁺): trimesic acid (TMA) and CS: HKUST-1 weight ratios to optimize antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The prepared dried hydrogel disc was characterized and compared with a pure CS dried hydrogel disc. Results demonstrated homogeneous dispersion of HKUST-1 crystals within the CS dried hydrogel matrix, with the BET surface area increasing from 9.5&#xa0;m²/g (pure CS dried hydrogel) to 69.8&#xa0;m²/g for CS/HKUST-1. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the incorporation of HKUST-1 crystal within the CS dried hydrogel matrix, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows an increase in crystallinity upon increasing the HKUST-1 ratio in comparison with the pure CS dried hydrogel disc. The synthesized CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>), Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>), and the fungal strain <i>Candida albicans</i>. As expected the CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc with a Cu²⁺:TMA ratio of 2:1 and a CS: HKUST-1 ratio of 10:10 exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity. The CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc exhibited the slow release of copper ions. Notably, this dried hydrogel disc demonstrated strong antimicrobial performance, represented by the low values for both the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The enhanced antimicrobial performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the biopolymeric matrix and the porous MOF structure, which facilitates sustained Cu²⁺ release and effective disruption of microbial membrane. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel discs as promising candidates for advanced antimicrobial materials in biomedical applications.</p>

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Fabrication of Hybrid Chitosan/HKUST-1 Dried Hydrogel Discs for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Zahraa H. Athab,
  • Ahmed F. Halbus,
  • Dalal M. Ridha

摘要

This study posed the fabrication and evaluation of a novel antibacterial material composed of HKUST-1(a copper-based metal–organic framework, MOF) incorporated into a chitosan (CS) dried hydrogel disc. The CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc was synthesized using varying copper ion (Cu²⁺): trimesic acid (TMA) and CS: HKUST-1 weight ratios to optimize antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The prepared dried hydrogel disc was characterized and compared with a pure CS dried hydrogel disc. Results demonstrated homogeneous dispersion of HKUST-1 crystals within the CS dried hydrogel matrix, with the BET surface area increasing from 9.5 m²/g (pure CS dried hydrogel) to 69.8 m²/g for CS/HKUST-1. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the incorporation of HKUST-1 crystal within the CS dried hydrogel matrix, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows an increase in crystallinity upon increasing the HKUST-1 ratio in comparison with the pure CS dried hydrogel disc. The synthesized CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the fungal strain Candida albicans. As expected the CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc with a Cu²⁺:TMA ratio of 2:1 and a CS: HKUST-1 ratio of 10:10 exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity. The CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel disc exhibited the slow release of copper ions. Notably, this dried hydrogel disc demonstrated strong antimicrobial performance, represented by the low values for both the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The enhanced antimicrobial performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the biopolymeric matrix and the porous MOF structure, which facilitates sustained Cu²⁺ release and effective disruption of microbial membrane. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of CS/HKUST-1 dried hydrogel discs as promising candidates for advanced antimicrobial materials in biomedical applications.