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<p> Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a widely used plant growth regulator; however, its rapid environmental degradation limits practical applications. Encapsulation in biopolymer matrices offers a promising strategy to enhance its stability. V-type starch, a single-helical amylose structure, can form inclusion complexes with small molecules. In this study, V-type starch was synthesized from maize starch using an antisolvent precipitation method and employed as a delivery system for IAA. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The IAA release profile, photostability, bioactivity in tomato plants, and biotoxicity in <i>Artemia salina</i> were evaluated. IAA release from the complex was pH-dependent: complete (100%) release was achieved after 48&#xa0;h at pH 3.0, 96&#xa0;h at pH 5.0 and 120&#xa0;h at pH 7.0. After 240&#xa0;min of UV irradiation, the starch-IAA complex exhibited only 18% degradation, compared to 100% for technical IAA. In tomato plants, the starch-IAA complex at 500&#xa0;µg/mL enhanced growth by increasing leaf number and root biomass, whereas at 1000&#xa0;µg/mL, it inhibited growth similarly to technical IAA. Biotoxicity tests in <i>Artemia salina</i> showed that at 1000&#xa0;µg/mL, free IAA caused 60% mortality, while the starch-IAA complex and V-type starch caused only 9.9% and 6.5%, respectively. These results suggest that V-type starch enables controlled IAA release while reducing toxicity, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective delivery system for agricultural applications.</p>

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Preparation and Characterization of a Starch-Based Complex as a Potential Delivery System for the Plant Growth Regulator Indole-3-Acetic Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Gisela Adelina Rolón-Cárdenas,
  • Vicente Rodríguez-González

摘要

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a widely used plant growth regulator; however, its rapid environmental degradation limits practical applications. Encapsulation in biopolymer matrices offers a promising strategy to enhance its stability. V-type starch, a single-helical amylose structure, can form inclusion complexes with small molecules. In this study, V-type starch was synthesized from maize starch using an antisolvent precipitation method and employed as a delivery system for IAA. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The IAA release profile, photostability, bioactivity in tomato plants, and biotoxicity in Artemia salina were evaluated. IAA release from the complex was pH-dependent: complete (100%) release was achieved after 48 h at pH 3.0, 96 h at pH 5.0 and 120 h at pH 7.0. After 240 min of UV irradiation, the starch-IAA complex exhibited only 18% degradation, compared to 100% for technical IAA. In tomato plants, the starch-IAA complex at 500 µg/mL enhanced growth by increasing leaf number and root biomass, whereas at 1000 µg/mL, it inhibited growth similarly to technical IAA. Biotoxicity tests in Artemia salina showed that at 1000 µg/mL, free IAA caused 60% mortality, while the starch-IAA complex and V-type starch caused only 9.9% and 6.5%, respectively. These results suggest that V-type starch enables controlled IAA release while reducing toxicity, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective delivery system for agricultural applications.