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<p>Injectable nanocomposite hydrogels composed of biodegradable biopolymers and conductive nanofillers were engineered to restore left-ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) served as the base matrix and was combined—in different formulations—with graphene oxide (GO), chitosan (Cs), boron (B), nanocellulose (Cell), gelatin (Gel), and gold nanoparticles (Au). The hydrogels were fabricated via freeze–thaw and chemical crosslinking, characterized for injectability and viscoelasticity, and evaluated in a rat MI model by intramyocardial injection followed by ECG, echocardiography, and histology at 14&#xa0;days. Across groups, echocardiography showed significant between-group differences in ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). The full composite (PVA + Gel + GO + Cs + B + Cell + Au) yielded the highest EF (62.97 ± 10.32%) versus control (57.10 ± 5.96%; P = 0.015). A simplified conductive/adhesive formulation (PVA + GO + Cs + B) maximized SV (169.84 ± 67.62&#xa0;µl vs. 62.54 ± 23.63&#xa0;µl in control; P = 0.004) and CO (44.27 ± 31.01&#xa0;ml/min vs. 18.72 ± 5.22&#xa0;ml/min in control; P = 0.004). ECG parameters were largely comparable between groups, with no adverse conduction abnormalities. Histology (Masson’s trichrome/HE) corroborated reduced collagen deposition and improved tissue architecture in hydrogel-treated hearts. Overall, the optimized PVA-based nanocomposites improved LV function after MI—most notably EF with the full composite and SV/CO with PVA + GO + Cs + B—highlighting a tunable platform for post-infarction cardiac repair. Unlike prior cardiac hydrogels that compare unrelated formulations, we held the total nanoparticle load constant and altered only the composition (GO, Cs, B, nanocellulose, Au) to isolate composition-dependent effects on injectability and repair, then validated the clinically intended ‘all-components’ formulation in vitro/in vivo. More investigate on specific mechanisms or systems such as extracellular vesicles on the proliferation-endorsing effect could cover the way for the development of a targeted biological therapeutic combination.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Electroconductive PVA/Gelatin Nanocomposite: A Synergistic Platform for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration and Functional Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Pardis Kavosh,
  • Mojtaba Ansari,
  • Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi,
  • Afshin Nazari,
  • Alireza Sabzevari,
  • Hossein Eslami

摘要

Injectable nanocomposite hydrogels composed of biodegradable biopolymers and conductive nanofillers were engineered to restore left-ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) served as the base matrix and was combined—in different formulations—with graphene oxide (GO), chitosan (Cs), boron (B), nanocellulose (Cell), gelatin (Gel), and gold nanoparticles (Au). The hydrogels were fabricated via freeze–thaw and chemical crosslinking, characterized for injectability and viscoelasticity, and evaluated in a rat MI model by intramyocardial injection followed by ECG, echocardiography, and histology at 14 days. Across groups, echocardiography showed significant between-group differences in ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). The full composite (PVA + Gel + GO + Cs + B + Cell + Au) yielded the highest EF (62.97 ± 10.32%) versus control (57.10 ± 5.96%; P = 0.015). A simplified conductive/adhesive formulation (PVA + GO + Cs + B) maximized SV (169.84 ± 67.62 µl vs. 62.54 ± 23.63 µl in control; P = 0.004) and CO (44.27 ± 31.01 ml/min vs. 18.72 ± 5.22 ml/min in control; P = 0.004). ECG parameters were largely comparable between groups, with no adverse conduction abnormalities. Histology (Masson’s trichrome/HE) corroborated reduced collagen deposition and improved tissue architecture in hydrogel-treated hearts. Overall, the optimized PVA-based nanocomposites improved LV function after MI—most notably EF with the full composite and SV/CO with PVA + GO + Cs + B—highlighting a tunable platform for post-infarction cardiac repair. Unlike prior cardiac hydrogels that compare unrelated formulations, we held the total nanoparticle load constant and altered only the composition (GO, Cs, B, nanocellulose, Au) to isolate composition-dependent effects on injectability and repair, then validated the clinically intended ‘all-components’ formulation in vitro/in vivo. More investigate on specific mechanisms or systems such as extracellular vesicles on the proliferation-endorsing effect could cover the way for the development of a targeted biological therapeutic combination.

Graphical abstract