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<p>The hydrogel was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as the base polysaccharide, ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker, and acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AAc) as the monomers. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA were used to characterize the synthesized hydrogel. Inhibitor concentration, crosslinker concentration, weight ratio of monomers, and weight ratio of CMS to total monomers were evaluated and optimized to affect swelling capacity. Hydrogel swelling behavior was investigated in relation to pH, time, temperature, and salinity of water. The samples exhibited the greatest swelling at pH 7 due to the carboxylate anions formed from their constituents. In distilled water at 25&#xa0;°C, the sample prepared under optimized conditions absorbed 812.1&#xa0;g/g of water. Increasing the temperature to 80&#xa0;°C caused a 1050&#xa0;g/g increase in swelling capacity. In addition, the hydrogel exhibited different swelling behavior in NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>3</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub> aqueous solutions, and its swelling ratio decreased with increasing cation valence. A Super Case II transport mechanism has also been demonstrated (diffusion exponent <i>n</i> ≥ 1.0), indicating that rapid water uptake is primarily driven by accelerated polymer chain relaxation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimized Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Study of Carboxymethyl Starch/Poly(Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel with Responsive Behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Fatemeh Zamani-Babgohari,
  • Ahmad Irannejad,
  • Maryam Kalantari,
  • Gholam Reza Khayati

摘要

The hydrogel was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as the base polysaccharide, ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker, and acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AAc) as the monomers. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA were used to characterize the synthesized hydrogel. Inhibitor concentration, crosslinker concentration, weight ratio of monomers, and weight ratio of CMS to total monomers were evaluated and optimized to affect swelling capacity. Hydrogel swelling behavior was investigated in relation to pH, time, temperature, and salinity of water. The samples exhibited the greatest swelling at pH 7 due to the carboxylate anions formed from their constituents. In distilled water at 25 °C, the sample prepared under optimized conditions absorbed 812.1 g/g of water. Increasing the temperature to 80 °C caused a 1050 g/g increase in swelling capacity. In addition, the hydrogel exhibited different swelling behavior in NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3 aqueous solutions, and its swelling ratio decreased with increasing cation valence. A Super Case II transport mechanism has also been demonstrated (diffusion exponent n ≥ 1.0), indicating that rapid water uptake is primarily driven by accelerated polymer chain relaxation.

Graphical Abstract