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<p>In this research, a Pickering nanoemulsion (PNE) coating was successfully created using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (C) combined with Pelargonium essential oil (PEO) at quantities of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The essential oil compounds were analyzed using GC–MS data, revealing their beneficial effects against the activities of microorganisms like <i>Staphylococcus aureu</i>s, <i>Escherichia coli O157:H7</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. Additionally, SEM images revealed that the addition of PEO to the solution enabled the Pickering chitosan (PC) particles to directly stabilize the emulsion and incorporate the oil phase into the polymer matrix, ultimately leading to the formation of oil-loaded nanocapsules. Average particle size of 147.5 d.nm, zeta potential of −&#xa0;44&#xa0;mV, and PDI of 0.25 indicated the successful formation of a complex with Pickering CMC-C-PEO, resulting in a stable and antioxidant-rich PNE. The physicochemical properties of fig samples were assessed over 6&#xa0;days at 25&#xa0;°C, including weight loss, decay percentage, Juicability, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total phenol content, total anthocyanin, and total ascorbic acid amounts. As regards the results, the highest content of total phenol (23.93 ± 1.32&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g sample), total anthocyanin content (52.04 ± 1.81&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g sample), and the lowest decay percentage (12.50 ± 12.50%) were associated with the sample coated with PNE of CMC-C-PEO 2%. In contrast, the control samples exhibited the opposite trend for these factors, respectively (17.87 ± 2.62&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g sample, 13.70 ± 1.60&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g sample, and 87.50 ± 12.50% mg/100&#xa0;g sample). This study presents a novel, plant-based, PNE system that integrates natural polymers and essential oils to enhance postharvest quality and microbial safety of perishable fruits. The coating not only extends shelf life but also preserves nutritional and functional attributes, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic preservatives.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing Postharvest Shelf Life of Ficus Rubra Using a Bio-based Pickering Nanoemulsion Coating Enriched with Pelargonium Essential Oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Mohammad Hadi Moradiyan,
  • Mahmood Reza Sadeghi,
  • Khadije Abdolmaleki,
  • Zahra Amini Fard,
  • Reza Abedi-Firoozjah,
  • Maryam Azizi lalabadi

摘要

In this research, a Pickering nanoemulsion (PNE) coating was successfully created using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (C) combined with Pelargonium essential oil (PEO) at quantities of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The essential oil compounds were analyzed using GC–MS data, revealing their beneficial effects against the activities of microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, SEM images revealed that the addition of PEO to the solution enabled the Pickering chitosan (PC) particles to directly stabilize the emulsion and incorporate the oil phase into the polymer matrix, ultimately leading to the formation of oil-loaded nanocapsules. Average particle size of 147.5 d.nm, zeta potential of − 44 mV, and PDI of 0.25 indicated the successful formation of a complex with Pickering CMC-C-PEO, resulting in a stable and antioxidant-rich PNE. The physicochemical properties of fig samples were assessed over 6 days at 25 °C, including weight loss, decay percentage, Juicability, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total phenol content, total anthocyanin, and total ascorbic acid amounts. As regards the results, the highest content of total phenol (23.93 ± 1.32 mg/100 g sample), total anthocyanin content (52.04 ± 1.81 mg/100 g sample), and the lowest decay percentage (12.50 ± 12.50%) were associated with the sample coated with PNE of CMC-C-PEO 2%. In contrast, the control samples exhibited the opposite trend for these factors, respectively (17.87 ± 2.62 mg/100 g sample, 13.70 ± 1.60 mg/100 g sample, and 87.50 ± 12.50% mg/100 g sample). This study presents a novel, plant-based, PNE system that integrates natural polymers and essential oils to enhance postharvest quality and microbial safety of perishable fruits. The coating not only extends shelf life but also preserves nutritional and functional attributes, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic preservatives.

Graphical Abstract