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<p>The design of biodegradable scaffolds that enhance plant development while improving water management is gaining importance in sustainable agriculture. In this study, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) scaffolds based on collagen and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were synthesized and evaluated for their physicochemical performance and plant cell interaction. Varying the HEC content (0–60 wt%) modulated scaffold morphology, producing fibrillar-granular architectures with tunable gelation (3&#xa0;min), superabsorbent capacity (&gt; 2800%), and thermal resistance. Increased HEC levels reduced chemical crosslinking (~ 27%) but improved mechanical stiffness (complex modulus up to 140&#xa0;Pa), indicating strong physical interactions through hydrogen bonding. Biodegradability assays revealed rapid enzymatic degradation under collagenase exposure and slower hydrolytic and plant enzymatic breakdown, supporting scaffold stability during early plant development. When embedded in Horticultural substrate, the scaffolds retained up to 92% of absorbed water and enabled gradual release over 15 days. Biological assays using tomato-derived plant cells (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> and <i>Physalis philadelphica</i>) confirmed that scaffolds with 20–40 wt% HEC significantly enhanced cell adhesion, migration, metabolic activity, and proliferation. Seed germination studies in Horticultural substrate further demonstrated that scaffolds containing 20 wt% HEC promoted greater foliage development, while in vitro assays with MS-supplemented media revealed that C–HEC40% scaffolds effectively supported tomato growth through controlled sucrose delivery. Under real cultivation conditions, C-HEC scaffolds significantly enhanced cherry tomato growth, increasing stem length, stem diameter, and leaf number, likely due to improved water retention, nutrient availability, and a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bioinspired Collagen–Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Scaffolds for Sustainable Agriculture: Water Management and Plant Growth Stimulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Laura Espindola-Serna,
  • Melanie G. Franco-Martínez,
  • María I. León-Campos,
  • Juan J. Becerra-Rodríguez,
  • Denis A. Cabrera-Munguía,
  • Dante A. López-Carmona,
  • Martha Elena Domínguez-Hernández,
  • Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo

摘要

The design of biodegradable scaffolds that enhance plant development while improving water management is gaining importance in sustainable agriculture. In this study, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) scaffolds based on collagen and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were synthesized and evaluated for their physicochemical performance and plant cell interaction. Varying the HEC content (0–60 wt%) modulated scaffold morphology, producing fibrillar-granular architectures with tunable gelation (3 min), superabsorbent capacity (> 2800%), and thermal resistance. Increased HEC levels reduced chemical crosslinking (~ 27%) but improved mechanical stiffness (complex modulus up to 140 Pa), indicating strong physical interactions through hydrogen bonding. Biodegradability assays revealed rapid enzymatic degradation under collagenase exposure and slower hydrolytic and plant enzymatic breakdown, supporting scaffold stability during early plant development. When embedded in Horticultural substrate, the scaffolds retained up to 92% of absorbed water and enabled gradual release over 15 days. Biological assays using tomato-derived plant cells (Solanum lycopersicum and Physalis philadelphica) confirmed that scaffolds with 20–40 wt% HEC significantly enhanced cell adhesion, migration, metabolic activity, and proliferation. Seed germination studies in Horticultural substrate further demonstrated that scaffolds containing 20 wt% HEC promoted greater foliage development, while in vitro assays with MS-supplemented media revealed that C–HEC40% scaffolds effectively supported tomato growth through controlled sucrose delivery. Under real cultivation conditions, C-HEC scaffolds significantly enhanced cherry tomato growth, increasing stem length, stem diameter, and leaf number, likely due to improved water retention, nutrient availability, and a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment.

Graphical Abstract