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<p>This study reports the fabrication of sustainable, biodegradable fibrous membranes via electrospinning for dual-function air filtration particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) removal and antibacterial activity. Natural rosin (R) and modified rosin (MR; pentaerythritol ester rosin) were employed for their inherent antimicrobial properties, while polylactic acid (PLA) was incorporated as a bio-based plasticizer to enhance electrospinnability. Process parameters including polymer concentration, rosin-to-PLA ratio, solution volume, applied voltage, and flow rate were systematically optimized using SEM-based morphological analysis. Among the formulations, 40% MR/PLA composition exhibited uniform fiber morphology and was selected for performance evaluation. Real-scale filtration tests using 2% NaCl-neutralized aerosols demonstrated PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> removal efficiencies of 97.0% and 97.9%, respectively. In comparison, PLA-only membranes (10% PLA) achieved higher filtration efficiencies (99.0% for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 99.2% for PM<sub>10</sub>) but lacked antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial assays against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>,<i> Bacillus cereus</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> confirmed that 40% MR/PLA membranes exhibited clear inhibition zones (9.50 ± 0.50&#xa0;mm, 8.50 ± 0.50&#xa0;mm, and 9.83 ± 1.04&#xa0;mm), indicating effective antimicrobial performance. Despite a minor compromise in filtration efficiency, the incorporation of modified rosin imparted robust antibacterial functionality, positioning the composite as a viable candidate for bio-based, multifunctional air filtration systems. The results underline the potential of rosin-based materials in developing eco-conscious alternatives to conventional synthetic filters.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of Novel Rosin-based Antibacterial Nanofibers for Particulate Matter Removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Natalia Czerwińska,
  • Bilge Yılmaz,
  • Hilal Fazlı,
  • Serhatcan Berk Akçay,
  • Gülsüm Merve Boyracı,
  • Oktay Yıldız,
  • Maria Letizia Ruello

摘要

This study reports the fabrication of sustainable, biodegradable fibrous membranes via electrospinning for dual-function air filtration particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) removal and antibacterial activity. Natural rosin (R) and modified rosin (MR; pentaerythritol ester rosin) were employed for their inherent antimicrobial properties, while polylactic acid (PLA) was incorporated as a bio-based plasticizer to enhance electrospinnability. Process parameters including polymer concentration, rosin-to-PLA ratio, solution volume, applied voltage, and flow rate were systematically optimized using SEM-based morphological analysis. Among the formulations, 40% MR/PLA composition exhibited uniform fiber morphology and was selected for performance evaluation. Real-scale filtration tests using 2% NaCl-neutralized aerosols demonstrated PM2.5 and PM10 removal efficiencies of 97.0% and 97.9%, respectively. In comparison, PLA-only membranes (10% PLA) achieved higher filtration efficiencies (99.0% for PM2.5 and 99.2% for PM10) but lacked antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed that 40% MR/PLA membranes exhibited clear inhibition zones (9.50 ± 0.50 mm, 8.50 ± 0.50 mm, and 9.83 ± 1.04 mm), indicating effective antimicrobial performance. Despite a minor compromise in filtration efficiency, the incorporation of modified rosin imparted robust antibacterial functionality, positioning the composite as a viable candidate for bio-based, multifunctional air filtration systems. The results underline the potential of rosin-based materials in developing eco-conscious alternatives to conventional synthetic filters.

Graphical Abstract