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<p>In response to the growing demand for biodegradable and functional materials, this study introduces a novel luminescent additive based on benzoxazine for enhancing the performance of poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabrics. A hydroxyl-functionalized benzoxazine monomer, 3,4-dihydro-6-ethyl-3-(6’-hydroxylhexyl)-2&#xa0;H-benzoxazine (HEn), was synthesized via a Mannich reaction and used as an initiator for the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to yield benzoxazine-terminated poly(caprolactone) (HPCL). The resulting HPCL exhibited a molecular weight of ~ 4000&#xa0;g/mol and luminescent properties. HPCL was compounded with PLA to prepare a masterbatch (MHPCL), which was further processed via the melt-blown technique to fabricate PLA/MHPCL nonwoven fabrics at various loadings (5–20 phr). Comprehensive morphological analysis revealed that MHPCL incorporation significantly reduced fiber diameter (up to 60%) and increased density and entangled fiber network, thereby enhancing mechanical strength. The breaking force of the nonwoven fabric increased nearly threefold at 20 phr of MHPCL. Optical characterization confirmed preserved luminescent functionality in the fabrics, although the emission was non-uniform. Thermal analysis indicated reduced crystallinity and thermal stability, while accelerated weathering tests showed enhanced degradability attributed to the presence of HPCL. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using functionalized benzoxazine-terminated PCL to improve both the mechanical and luminescent properties of PLA nonwoven fabrics, thereby supporting the development of eco-friendly functional materials with strong potential for applications in biodegradable smart textiles, filtration, and packaging industries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development of Luminescent Benzoxazine-Terminated Poly(caprolactone) as a Functional Additive to Improve PLA Nonwoven Fabrics via Melt-Blown Processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Thanapat Chomchatwarl,
  • Ratthapit Wuttisarn,
  • Kankavee Sukthavorn,
  • Nollapan Nootsuwan,
  • Chatchai Veranitisagul,
  • Apirat Laobuthee

摘要

In response to the growing demand for biodegradable and functional materials, this study introduces a novel luminescent additive based on benzoxazine for enhancing the performance of poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabrics. A hydroxyl-functionalized benzoxazine monomer, 3,4-dihydro-6-ethyl-3-(6’-hydroxylhexyl)-2 H-benzoxazine (HEn), was synthesized via a Mannich reaction and used as an initiator for the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to yield benzoxazine-terminated poly(caprolactone) (HPCL). The resulting HPCL exhibited a molecular weight of ~ 4000 g/mol and luminescent properties. HPCL was compounded with PLA to prepare a masterbatch (MHPCL), which was further processed via the melt-blown technique to fabricate PLA/MHPCL nonwoven fabrics at various loadings (5–20 phr). Comprehensive morphological analysis revealed that MHPCL incorporation significantly reduced fiber diameter (up to 60%) and increased density and entangled fiber network, thereby enhancing mechanical strength. The breaking force of the nonwoven fabric increased nearly threefold at 20 phr of MHPCL. Optical characterization confirmed preserved luminescent functionality in the fabrics, although the emission was non-uniform. Thermal analysis indicated reduced crystallinity and thermal stability, while accelerated weathering tests showed enhanced degradability attributed to the presence of HPCL. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using functionalized benzoxazine-terminated PCL to improve both the mechanical and luminescent properties of PLA nonwoven fabrics, thereby supporting the development of eco-friendly functional materials with strong potential for applications in biodegradable smart textiles, filtration, and packaging industries.

Graphical Abstract