Preparation and Characterization of Single-Step Sodium Nitrate-Calcium Chloride Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol-Alginate Sheets for Quorum Quenching Application in Membrane Bioreactors
摘要
Quorum Quenching (QQ) is a proven anti-biofouling strategy in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). This study presents a novel approach for preparing and characterizing Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Alginate (ALG) sheets for biofouling mitigation in MBRs. A significant challenge is posed in achieving QQ sheet preparation without using boric acid (H3BO3), a toxic crosslinker, and in a single-step crosslinking process. In this context, novel PVA-ALG sheets were prepared using sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) in a single crosslinking step. Another new type of porous sheets was also prepared using a primary crosslinking solution composed of H3BO3, NaNO3, and CaCl2. The structural, mechanical, and textural properties of newly prepared sheets were compared to those of sheets crosslinked using the conventional primary crosslinking solution containing H3BO3 and CaCl2. Additionally, degradation of the QS signal molecule C8-HSL was investigated using all types of sheets entrapped with the QQ bacteria Rhodococcus sp. BH4. Differences in the composition of the crosslinking solutions among the various sheet types led to variations in their structural properties, characterized by increased crosslinking density and macro-void formation. Mesopores dominate in all PVA-ALG sheets, while their specific surface areas range from 45 m2/g to 77 m2/g, and tensile strength between 0.1 MPa and 0.3 MPa. New sheets crosslinked with NaNO3 and CaCl2 display the highest tensile strength and specific surface area. Furthermore, QQ sheets crosslinked with NaNO3 and CaCl2 demonstrated a superior C8-HSL degradation capacity compared to those prepared using the conventional crosslinking method involving boric acid.
Graphical Abstract