<p>The depletion of high-grade ore reserves necessitates innovative approaches in mineral processing, particularly for recovering valuable minerals from fine tailings. This study examines the use of bio-based hyperbranched polymers synthesized from carboxymethyl guar gum for selective flocculation of minerals, specifically focusing on kaolinite and iron ore mixtures in wastewater. Traditional coagulants present environmental drawbacks, prompting the exploration of biodegradable alternatives. Hyperbranched polymers possess a unique architecture that may enhance their interaction with suspended particles, potentially improving flocculation efficiency. This research investigates the grafting of carboxymethyl guar gum with Poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride), which provides a high charge density and a stable cationic character across a range of pH levels. A kaolinite-iron ore model system was employed to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of the synthesized flocculants under controlled conditions. Results indicate that hyperbranched carboxymethyl guar gum/Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) exhibits improved flocculation performance and mineral selectivity compared to traditional flocculants. This study highlights the potential of HBPs as effective and environmentally sustainable alternatives for mineral recovery and wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>